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Based on the daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature at 14 meteorological stations in Shandong province from 1971 to 2013, six extreme temperature indexes are calculated. The methods of the linear trend rate, MK mutation, EEMD, inverse distance weight interpolation, and correlation analysis are used to study the characteristics of temporal and spatial variations of the extreme temperature events over Shandong Province and its relationship with the change of the Western Pacific Subtropical High circulation. The results show that, (1) the size and direction of the trend of cold and warm indexes show obvious asymmetry. Warm indexes show obvious increasing trend, while cold indexes show obvious decreasing trend. The cold and warm indexes show an interannual scale fluctuation of quasi20 years and 5 to 7 years, as well as the interdecadal scale fluctuation of quasi10 to 15 years and 20 to 28 years. (2) The warm (cold) indexes show a consistent increasing (decreasing) trend over the study area. The variation trend of the eastern and central region is larger and that of the western region is smaller on the whole, except in the high temperature days. (3) The abrupt changes of extreme temperature indexes and temperature have good synchronicity, both in the late 1980s and the early 1990s, which suggests that the change of extreme temperature index is closely linked to regional warming. (4) The changes of the extreme temperature events (with the exception of high temperature days) are deeply affected by the changes of the Western Pacific Subtropical High, especially the western end of the ridge, strength and area index.