Using the radiosonde data from 11 meteorological stations and precipitation data from 84 meteorological stations over Jiangxi Province from 1959 to 2007, according to the synoptic meteorological principles, computation and analysis are conducted with the mathematical statistic method on the total water vapor, total cloud water, the number of water vapor exchanges, water vapor turnover rate, actual total precipitation, etc. The results indicate that the maximum value of total water vapor and total cloud water appeared in June (in 1975), the minimum value appeared in December (in 1963); maximum total cloud water was found in the area with moderate drought frequency, and minimum total cloud water in the area with low drought frequency. The number of water vapor exchanges was averagely 7.23 times per each month, and the water vapor turnover rate was averagely 4.22 days for each time. The correlations between total precipitation and total water vapor, total cloud water are good, and the annual variation exhibited a multipeak pattern. The geographic distribution of the total water vapor and total cloud water shows a tendency of high in the north and low in the south.