The auto-checking of surface temperature by means of computers is one of key difficulties in the auto-checking of surface meteorological data technically.Based on the analysis of the characteristics of surface temperature observation,a method of standard error(neighboring difference) for automatically checking surface temperature observation data was presented.The steps of this method are introduced in detail.Since the method is the computational simulation of the manual check essentially and the objective computational method is applied,the check quality is the same as the manual check,and even more complete.As a test,the method has been applied in the auto-checking software of surface meteorological data in Zhejiang Province.It has been proven that it shows good effectiveness for improving the quality of surface temperature data check.