螺旋度在對流天氣預報中的應用研究進展
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P458 P456

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國家自然科學基金 (4 0 3 75 0 16)資助


Progress in Researches on Application of Helicity to Convective Weather Prediction
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    摘要:

    螺旋度表征流體旋轉與沿旋轉方向運動的強度,在等熵流體中具有守恒性。螺旋性是維持大氣運動的基本物理圖案:邊界層流體、湍流、強風暴、熱帶氣旋等都有較強的螺旋結構;對流風暴常發生在螺旋度值大的地方,流體穩定性與螺旋度密切相關,高螺旋度阻礙了擾動能量串級,對超級單體風暴的維持有重要作用;z螺旋度對大范圍暴雨有較好的指示意義。風暴相對螺旋度對決定對流風暴類型有重要作用,其大小決定超級單體是否能形成中氣旋,同時,其對冰雹預報有一定的指示意義;風暴相對螺旋度用于預報時計算的難點在于確定預報風暴移動速度。熱力場與螺旋度有內在聯系,地面相對螺旋度可視為地轉風或實際風引起溫度平流的一個量度。

    Abstract:

    Helicity denotes the conjunct intensity of rotation and the movement along the rotation, and it is conservative in isentropic fluid. Helicity is the basic physical pattern for the maintenance of atmospheric activities. Boundary layer fluids, turbulences, severe storms and tropical cyclones are highly helical in their structures. Severe storms often occur in highly helical environments. The stability of fluid is closely associated with helicity. High helicity prevents transient energy from leaping to other energy classes, thus has great importance for the maintenance of supercell. Z-helicity is a good indicator of heavy rainfall. The relative helicity of a storm has great importance in the evolution of the storm. The occurrence of a meso-cyclone is highly depended on the value of helicity. The relative helicity of a storm is also a good indicator of hail occurrence. It is difficult for the application of relative storm helicity in predicting storms for the uncertainty of storm velocity. There exists inherent relationship between atmospheric temperature and helicity, and the surface relative helicity can be used to measure the temperature advection caused by geostrophic flow.

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李耀東 劉健文 高守亭.螺旋度在對流天氣預報中的應用研究進展[J].氣象科技,2005,33(1):7~

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