Volume 33,Issue 5,2005 Table of Contents
2005, 33(5):385-389393.
Abstract:
Along with the improving of numerical weather prediction models and the application of atmospheric observational data,especially non-conventional sounding data such as satellite and radar,data assimilation methods have made further advancement.Previous data assimilation approaches are reviewed,and the current studies and prospects in the field are described.The data assimilation researches experienced several stages from those early explorations to the subsequent techniques mainly based on experiences(including SCM and nudging),then statistical and the multivariate statistical interpolation(OI,3D-Varand PSAS) methods.Considering the difference between the fact that background error covariance keeps unchanged and the actual situation,the current assimilation techniques take into account the time dimension of sounding data,which are becoming popular internationally and represented by 4D-Var and Kalman filtering techniques.With the development of computer technology,more perfect FDDA methods will play an important role in the future operational prediction.
Along with the improving of numerical weather prediction models and the application of atmospheric observational data,especially non-conventional sounding data such as satellite and radar,data assimilation methods have made further advancement.Previous data assimilation approaches are reviewed,and the current studies and prospects in the field are described.The data assimilation researches experienced several stages from those early explorations to the subsequent techniques mainly based on experiences(including SCM and nudging),then statistical and the multivariate statistical interpolation(OI,3D-Varand PSAS) methods.Considering the difference between the fact that background error covariance keeps unchanged and the actual situation,the current assimilation techniques take into account the time dimension of sounding data,which are becoming popular internationally and represented by 4D-Var and Kalman filtering techniques.With the development of computer technology,more perfect FDDA methods will play an important role in the future operational prediction.
2005, 33(5):390-393.
Abstract:
VAISALA公司推出的數字化探空儀RS92標志著VAISALA探空技術有了全新的發展,探空系統和探空儀完全實現數字化.RS92采用了數字技術,在提高測量精度、提高信息傳輸的抗干擾能力上都將獲益.RS92的發射機占用帶寬大約是RS80的十分之一.測風采用GPS擴頻技術,大幅度提高測風數據獲取率.溫、壓、濕傳感器都有明顯改進.中國探空技術要加強傳感器和探空儀傳感器測量手段的發展.
VAISALA公司推出的數字化探空儀RS92標志著VAISALA探空技術有了全新的發展,探空系統和探空儀完全實現數字化.RS92采用了數字技術,在提高測量精度、提高信息傳輸的抗干擾能力上都將獲益.RS92的發射機占用帶寬大約是RS80的十分之一.測風采用GPS擴頻技術,大幅度提高測風數據獲取率.溫、壓、濕傳感器都有明顯改進.中國探空技術要加強傳感器和探空儀傳感器測量手段的發展.
2005, 33(5):394-400407.
Abstract:
建立了不均勻的地表徑流算法,修改了RegCM2中徑流方案,這一算法適用于疏松土壤和緊密土壤.設計了一個適合與氣候模式RegCM2耦合、能模擬水文站流量的匯流模式.模擬了1998年夏季大暴雨期間6、7、8月降水的空間分布,分析了該徑流方案對降水、地表熱量通量、地表徑流、土壤濕度產生的影響,結果表明：①本文提出的方案在模擬1998年長江流域夏季大暴雨期間降水的空間分布上有一定的合理性,在一定程度上改善了降水量的模擬,其影響大致是總降水量的10%左右.②地表徑流方案改變了地面向大氣輸送的熱量通量,這種作用隨時間發生變化,這種變化與地表水分的再分配有關.③本方案計算的土壤滲透能力較強.在暴雨的初期,產生徑流較少,而在暴雨后期土壤濕度增大,產生的地表徑流較大,這一點更符合洪水形成的特點.
建立了不均勻的地表徑流算法,修改了RegCM2中徑流方案,這一算法適用于疏松土壤和緊密土壤.設計了一個適合與氣候模式RegCM2耦合、能模擬水文站流量的匯流模式.模擬了1998年夏季大暴雨期間6、7、8月降水的空間分布,分析了該徑流方案對降水、地表熱量通量、地表徑流、土壤濕度產生的影響,結果表明：①本文提出的方案在模擬1998年長江流域夏季大暴雨期間降水的空間分布上有一定的合理性,在一定程度上改善了降水量的模擬,其影響大致是總降水量的10%左右.②地表徑流方案改變了地面向大氣輸送的熱量通量,這種作用隨時間發生變化,這種變化與地表水分的再分配有關.③本方案計算的土壤滲透能力較強.在暴雨的初期,產生徑流較少,而在暴雨后期土壤濕度增大,產生的地表徑流較大,這一點更符合洪水形成的特點.
2005, 33(5):401-403.
Abstract:
Using GMS infrared image data between May and July from 1996 to 2001,the relationship between temperature and the corresponding station's precipitation was analyzed.The results show the maximum rainfall did not occur at areas where the cloud-top temperature was the lowest or the cloud-top temperature gradient was the largest,but occurred at about four pixels ahead of the area with the largest temperature gradient around the lowest-temperature centers of cloud clusters.Meanwhile,using the regression method,an analysis was made of the relationship between factors such as the cloud top minimum temperature,development rate and heavy rainfall.Then based on the movement of area with the largest temperature gradient around the strong low-temperature center of cloud clusters,the possible precipitation intensity and distribution in one hour can be estimated.
Using GMS infrared image data between May and July from 1996 to 2001,the relationship between temperature and the corresponding station's precipitation was analyzed.The results show the maximum rainfall did not occur at areas where the cloud-top temperature was the lowest or the cloud-top temperature gradient was the largest,but occurred at about four pixels ahead of the area with the largest temperature gradient around the lowest-temperature centers of cloud clusters.Meanwhile,using the regression method,an analysis was made of the relationship between factors such as the cloud top minimum temperature,development rate and heavy rainfall.Then based on the movement of area with the largest temperature gradient around the strong low-temperature center of cloud clusters,the possible precipitation intensity and distribution in one hour can be estimated.
2005, 33(5):404-407.
Abstract:
By using the wind data from automatic wind stations over Zhoushan islands,the wind features in the Zhoushan sea area was analyzed.Based on the results,the whole Zhoushan sea area is divided into five subareas.The zoned high wind forecasting technical scheme was presented,which offsets some disadvantages of the current high wind forecasting(the public weather forecast).The forecast practice shows that the zoned wind forecasting not only is more reasonable and pertinent,but also can effectively solve the contradiction between safety and benefits for marine activities.So it is suitable to be used in all oceanic islands areas.
By using the wind data from automatic wind stations over Zhoushan islands,the wind features in the Zhoushan sea area was analyzed.Based on the results,the whole Zhoushan sea area is divided into five subareas.The zoned high wind forecasting technical scheme was presented,which offsets some disadvantages of the current high wind forecasting(the public weather forecast).The forecast practice shows that the zoned wind forecasting not only is more reasonable and pertinent,but also can effectively solve the contradiction between safety and benefits for marine activities.So it is suitable to be used in all oceanic islands areas.
2005, 33(5):408-412.
Abstract:
A heavy rain event occurred on 2003-08-25 in the southwestern Shandong Province is simulated with the numerical model MM5V3. The results indicate that the MM5 model simulated the rainstorm and the development of the mesoscale system successfully. The event occurred at the stream convergence area of a low-level jet and east wind circumfluence. The length of the convergence area was about 800 km from west to east. The convergence of warm and cold air induced the strong ascending motion; the lower-level jet was enhanced, transport- ing large quantities of warm, moist air into the system; and east wind circumfluence transported large quantities of cold, moist air into the system. Furthermore, due to the coupling between upper- and lower-level jets and the associated lower convergence and upper strong divergence, the continuously developing mesoscale system resulted in the heavy rain in southwest Shandong Province.
A heavy rain event occurred on 2003-08-25 in the southwestern Shandong Province is simulated with the numerical model MM5V3. The results indicate that the MM5 model simulated the rainstorm and the development of the mesoscale system successfully. The event occurred at the stream convergence area of a low-level jet and east wind circumfluence. The length of the convergence area was about 800 km from west to east. The convergence of warm and cold air induced the strong ascending motion; the lower-level jet was enhanced, transport- ing large quantities of warm, moist air into the system; and east wind circumfluence transported large quantities of cold, moist air into the system. Furthermore, due to the coupling between upper- and lower-level jets and the associated lower convergence and upper strong divergence, the continuously developing mesoscale system resulted in the heavy rain in southwest Shandong Province.
2005, 33(5):413-418.
Abstract:
.使用常規氣象資料和診斷分析技術對比分析了陜北地區4次突發性暴雨和2次系統性暴雨過程.結果表明：①突發性暴雨出現在副熱帶高壓南北擺動,東西移動不太明顯的形勢下;水汽主要靠暴雨出現以前大氣低層輸送和聚集;上升運動是由于高層急流中心右后方的強烈輻散形成的,上升運動和突發性暴雨同步加強;低空能量鋒生強度大,體現為雨區能量較環境能量突增的過程;不穩定能量聚集明顯偏多,能量主要聚集在中高層;中尺度系統比較深厚.②系統性暴雨出現在副熱帶高壓系統性西進北抬或東退南壓的形勢下;水汽主要靠暴雨過程中的補充;垂直運動是由于低層輻合和高層輻散形成的,垂直運動在暴雨出現以前形成;能量鋒區比較深厚,鋒區相對弱,體現為低能氣團代替高能氣團的過程;不穩定能量聚集相對較少,能量主要聚集在中低層;中尺度系統較為淺薄等.
.使用常規氣象資料和診斷分析技術對比分析了陜北地區4次突發性暴雨和2次系統性暴雨過程.結果表明：①突發性暴雨出現在副熱帶高壓南北擺動,東西移動不太明顯的形勢下;水汽主要靠暴雨出現以前大氣低層輸送和聚集;上升運動是由于高層急流中心右后方的強烈輻散形成的,上升運動和突發性暴雨同步加強;低空能量鋒生強度大,體現為雨區能量較環境能量突增的過程;不穩定能量聚集明顯偏多,能量主要聚集在中高層;中尺度系統比較深厚.②系統性暴雨出現在副熱帶高壓系統性西進北抬或東退南壓的形勢下;水汽主要靠暴雨過程中的補充;垂直運動是由于低層輻合和高層輻散形成的,垂直運動在暴雨出現以前形成;能量鋒區比較深厚,鋒區相對弱,體現為低能氣團代替高能氣團的過程;不穩定能量聚集相對較少,能量主要聚集在中低層;中尺度系統較為淺薄等.
2005, 33(5):419-423432.
Abstract:
Based on the monthly air temperature from 26 representative stations in Qinghai from 1961 to 2002, the standard weighted average air temperature sequence was given, and the characteristics of air temperature variation in recent 42 years in Qinghai was analyzed. The results show that air temperature in Qinghai has been increasing with a rate of 0.25 ~C per ten years. The annual averaged air temperature is the lowest in the 1960s, began to increase in the 1970s, and has been increasing significantly since the 1990s, with the highest ten-year averaged air temperature in the decade. The air temperature in Qinghai has evident seasonal and regional variation, and the variation tendencyies of maximum and minimum temperature are generally non-symmetry. The variation tendency of air temperature in Qinghai is consistent with that across China. The increasing rates of an- nual, autumn, and winter air temperature are much greater in Qinghai than those in other parts of China. The phase of air temperature variation is five to six years ahead in Qinghai of that in the whole China. This conclusion is in agreament with the viewpoint that the Qinghi-Tibet plateau is probably one of most sensitive areas to the climate change in China.
Based on the monthly air temperature from 26 representative stations in Qinghai from 1961 to 2002, the standard weighted average air temperature sequence was given, and the characteristics of air temperature variation in recent 42 years in Qinghai was analyzed. The results show that air temperature in Qinghai has been increasing with a rate of 0.25 ~C per ten years. The annual averaged air temperature is the lowest in the 1960s, began to increase in the 1970s, and has been increasing significantly since the 1990s, with the highest ten-year averaged air temperature in the decade. The air temperature in Qinghai has evident seasonal and regional variation, and the variation tendencyies of maximum and minimum temperature are generally non-symmetry. The variation tendency of air temperature in Qinghai is consistent with that across China. The increasing rates of an- nual, autumn, and winter air temperature are much greater in Qinghai than those in other parts of China. The phase of air temperature variation is five to six years ahead in Qinghai of that in the whole China. This conclusion is in agreament with the viewpoint that the Qinghi-Tibet plateau is probably one of most sensitive areas to the climate change in China.
2005, 33(5):424-428.
Abstract:
To reveal the characteristics of the spatial-temporal variations of water vapor over Gansu Province,the variation of the atmospheric water vapor content over the area from 1961 to 2000 was studied by means of EOF,REOF,wavelet and Petitt jump-point methods.The results show that there were four sensitive areas(spatial pattern) in water vapor variation in Gansu: the eastern and western parts are the most sensitive;the central part is the second;the temporal variation show obviously phasic feature.Abrupt changes occurred in 1977 and 1977: there were a decreasing trend before 1977,fluctuation in 1977-1987,an obvious increasing trend after 1987.The wavelet analysis indicates that there was remarkable oscillation in water vapor with the periods being 2 to 4 years,strong in variability before the 1970s,relativity weak after the 1980s.
To reveal the characteristics of the spatial-temporal variations of water vapor over Gansu Province,the variation of the atmospheric water vapor content over the area from 1961 to 2000 was studied by means of EOF,REOF,wavelet and Petitt jump-point methods.The results show that there were four sensitive areas(spatial pattern) in water vapor variation in Gansu: the eastern and western parts are the most sensitive;the central part is the second;the temporal variation show obviously phasic feature.Abrupt changes occurred in 1977 and 1977: there were a decreasing trend before 1977,fluctuation in 1977-1987,an obvious increasing trend after 1987.The wavelet analysis indicates that there was remarkable oscillation in water vapor with the periods being 2 to 4 years,strong in variability before the 1970s,relativity weak after the 1980s.
2005, 33(5):429-432.
Abstract:
選取內蒙古中西部37個站1961～2000年3～5月氣溫、相對濕度等地面氣象因子,分析它們對內蒙古中西部沙塵暴頻率的影響以及內蒙古中西部單站沙塵暴頻率的變化趨勢.結果表明：1961～2000年3～5月平均氣溫高于4℃和3～5月平均相對濕度低于40%地區對應沙塵暴多發區.從單站的沙塵暴頻率變化來看,非沙化區（包括沙區）有明顯的減少趨勢;沙漠化發展區沒有減少趨勢,下墊面狀況的惡化,使沙漠化地區和沙漠化發展區正在成為新的沙塵暴源地.
選取內蒙古中西部37個站1961～2000年3～5月氣溫、相對濕度等地面氣象因子,分析它們對內蒙古中西部沙塵暴頻率的影響以及內蒙古中西部單站沙塵暴頻率的變化趨勢.結果表明：1961～2000年3～5月平均氣溫高于4℃和3～5月平均相對濕度低于40%地區對應沙塵暴多發區.從單站的沙塵暴頻率變化來看,非沙化區（包括沙區）有明顯的減少趨勢;沙漠化發展區沒有減少趨勢,下墊面狀況的惡化,使沙漠化地區和沙漠化發展區正在成為新的沙塵暴源地.
2005, 33(5):433-436.
Abstract:
The study of the relationship between weather conditions and the unit yield of late rice shows that weather factors, especially air temperature and sunshine, are essential to the unit yield change of late rice for two years in succession. According to the needs of operational service, a method of forecasting dynamically the trends of the late rice yield for the whole country is presented, based on the theory of synthesize cluster analysis and such data as the late rice unit yields of the main planting provinces in China, average air temperature and ten-day sunshine duration. The method can be used to dynamically predict the unit yield of late rice after having sowed for some time, being simple and practical and having high accuracy. It is difficult to screen out the predicting factors within a short time by using the common regression method; therefore, this method is of better value in operational application.
The study of the relationship between weather conditions and the unit yield of late rice shows that weather factors, especially air temperature and sunshine, are essential to the unit yield change of late rice for two years in succession. According to the needs of operational service, a method of forecasting dynamically the trends of the late rice yield for the whole country is presented, based on the theory of synthesize cluster analysis and such data as the late rice unit yields of the main planting provinces in China, average air temperature and ten-day sunshine duration. The method can be used to dynamically predict the unit yield of late rice after having sowed for some time, being simple and practical and having high accuracy. It is difficult to screen out the predicting factors within a short time by using the common regression method; therefore, this method is of better value in operational application.
2005, 33(5):437-441.
Abstract:
In order to increase the benefits and reduce the blindness of special-variety corn planting in the major planting area over the West Liaohe drainage area of the eastern Inner Mongolia, four special types of corns were selected as the research objects such as high-oil, high-amylum, high-lysine and sweet corns. Based on the needs of various corns for climatic conditions, soil types and topographic geomorphology, the planting regionalizing in- dexes of special-variety corn were presented with Tongliao as the demonstration area. By using of small-grid de- duction and GIS techniques, as well as the climatic similarity principle, the favorable planting areas for various special-variety corns were given respectively. It was pointed out that the most part of the agricultural area in Tongliao of Inner Mongolia is favorable for planting special-variety corns.
In order to increase the benefits and reduce the blindness of special-variety corn planting in the major planting area over the West Liaohe drainage area of the eastern Inner Mongolia, four special types of corns were selected as the research objects such as high-oil, high-amylum, high-lysine and sweet corns. Based on the needs of various corns for climatic conditions, soil types and topographic geomorphology, the planting regionalizing in- dexes of special-variety corn were presented with Tongliao as the demonstration area. By using of small-grid de- duction and GIS techniques, as well as the climatic similarity principle, the favorable planting areas for various special-variety corns were given respectively. It was pointed out that the most part of the agricultural area in Tongliao of Inner Mongolia is favorable for planting special-variety corns.
2005, 33(5):442-444.
Abstract:
Brief summary is made of the complexity theory and the sustainable evolution of the ecosystem is discussed.Taking water resources as an example,the complex relationship between the state,process and transformation is explained.The eco-environmental sustainability is a huge complex system,an anthropocentric system,in which the eco-environmental resources and disasters are the positive and negative states of the relationship between human being and ecosystem.All these suggest a new way of thinking for the sustainable development of eco-environmental resources: think ecosystem puzzles in a non-linear manner;apply systemic way instead of single way to analyze problems;to transfer traditional economy-oriented way to society-economy-resources-ecosystem-oriented one,et al.
Brief summary is made of the complexity theory and the sustainable evolution of the ecosystem is discussed.Taking water resources as an example,the complex relationship between the state,process and transformation is explained.The eco-environmental sustainability is a huge complex system,an anthropocentric system,in which the eco-environmental resources and disasters are the positive and negative states of the relationship between human being and ecosystem.All these suggest a new way of thinking for the sustainable development of eco-environmental resources: think ecosystem puzzles in a non-linear manner;apply systemic way instead of single way to analyze problems;to transfer traditional economy-oriented way to society-economy-resources-ecosystem-oriented one,et al.
2005, 33(5):445-450.
Abstract:
Based on observation data and NWP products,some diagnosis fields for rain enhancement were worked out and the real-time automatic display on MICAPS platform was realized.The supersaturation with respect to ice can be used to diagnose the vertical distribution of ice-water conversion area,then determine the seeding height.The vertical disposition of T-T_d can show the altitude and depth of the quasi-saturation layer,the top of which was the suitable seeding position.The height of the characteristic temperature layer can be used to determine the altitude and thickness of "seeding temperature window," a seeding position criterion.The optimal seeding altitude can be determined by synthesizing above methods.The trend of rainfall enhancement potential coefficient was identical with that of rainfall,which can provide reference for choosing appropriate seeding time.The above-mentioned methods were applied during a typical rain case. In the weighted integrating manner,several environmental physical fields and rainfall forecast were synthesized,and the graded forecast of rain enhancement potential was made.The verification was conducted by seven stratiform-cloud rain cases occurred from February to May 2004.The results show that the method is encouraging.
Based on observation data and NWP products,some diagnosis fields for rain enhancement were worked out and the real-time automatic display on MICAPS platform was realized.The supersaturation with respect to ice can be used to diagnose the vertical distribution of ice-water conversion area,then determine the seeding height.The vertical disposition of T-T_d can show the altitude and depth of the quasi-saturation layer,the top of which was the suitable seeding position.The height of the characteristic temperature layer can be used to determine the altitude and thickness of "seeding temperature window," a seeding position criterion.The optimal seeding altitude can be determined by synthesizing above methods.The trend of rainfall enhancement potential coefficient was identical with that of rainfall,which can provide reference for choosing appropriate seeding time.The above-mentioned methods were applied during a typical rain case. In the weighted integrating manner,several environmental physical fields and rainfall forecast were synthesized,and the graded forecast of rain enhancement potential was made.The verification was conducted by seven stratiform-cloud rain cases occurred from February to May 2004.The results show that the method is encouraging.
2005, 33(5):451-455.
Abstract:
A device for drop-freezing experiment was improved,which consists of the cold-cavity,thermometer,controller of temperature,recorder of signals,cold sink,and environment box.Before the drop-freezing experiment,the water sample to be tested was evenly scattered as several dozens of drops in the cavity over the cold board.The temperature of drops can decrease linearly under auto-control and the drops freeze in succession with decreasing temperature.An array of thermocouple is used to detect the latent heat released by freezing drops and a "pulse" signal of the freezing event can be revealed in real time on a pen-andink recorder.After several times of drop-freezing experiments for certain water samples,the freezing temperature spectrum can be obtained.According to the method given by Vali,the concentration of the freezing nuclei for this water sample can be calculated.Using this device,drop-freezing experiments were carried out for several kinds of precipitation water samples in Beijing.The results show that there is obvious deference in temperature spectra of freezing nuclei for different precipitation samples.It will be hopefully used as a new criterion for effectiveness evaluation of weather modification operation.
A device for drop-freezing experiment was improved,which consists of the cold-cavity,thermometer,controller of temperature,recorder of signals,cold sink,and environment box.Before the drop-freezing experiment,the water sample to be tested was evenly scattered as several dozens of drops in the cavity over the cold board.The temperature of drops can decrease linearly under auto-control and the drops freeze in succession with decreasing temperature.An array of thermocouple is used to detect the latent heat released by freezing drops and a "pulse" signal of the freezing event can be revealed in real time on a pen-andink recorder.After several times of drop-freezing experiments for certain water samples,the freezing temperature spectrum can be obtained.According to the method given by Vali,the concentration of the freezing nuclei for this water sample can be calculated.Using this device,drop-freezing experiments were carried out for several kinds of precipitation water samples in Beijing.The results show that there is obvious deference in temperature spectra of freezing nuclei for different precipitation samples.It will be hopefully used as a new criterion for effectiveness evaluation of weather modification operation.
2005, 33(5):456-459.
Abstract:
在2002～2003年春秋季陜西省14次飛機增雨作業天氣分析的基礎上,對2002年9月13日飛機增雨作業典型天氣個例的環流背景、影響系統以及500 hPaθse、溫度、垂直速度、水汽通量散度等物理量場進行了分析,并結合飛機和雷達探測資料,得出飛機增雨作業需要的有利于層狀云向降水轉化的條件：有穩定的層狀云,云系有一定冷層厚度和過冷云水量,供自然冰相降水元和人工催化形成的降水元增長;云系還應有一定厚度的暖層,供下落的自然和人工形成降水元融化再經碰并云水增長成雨滴形成降水.陜西省春秋季具有進行有效飛機增雨作業的天氣系統和天氣條件.
在2002～2003年春秋季陜西省14次飛機增雨作業天氣分析的基礎上,對2002年9月13日飛機增雨作業典型天氣個例的環流背景、影響系統以及500 hPaθse、溫度、垂直速度、水汽通量散度等物理量場進行了分析,并結合飛機和雷達探測資料,得出飛機增雨作業需要的有利于層狀云向降水轉化的條件：有穩定的層狀云,云系有一定冷層厚度和過冷云水量,供自然冰相降水元和人工催化形成的降水元增長;云系還應有一定厚度的暖層,供下落的自然和人工形成降水元融化再經碰并云水增長成雨滴形成降水.陜西省春秋季具有進行有效飛機增雨作業的天氣系統和天氣條件.
2005, 33(5):460-463468.
Abstract:
The communication way, system framework and software realization of the New Generation Mesoscale Automatic Weather Station Network are described. The whole system is based on the CAWS series automatic weather stations, adopting mainly the wireless communication approach supplemented by cable. The system function design was realized though the three-level C/S structure and the B/S structure. Through re-developing the relational database based on the SQL Server 2000 and conducting researches on the meteorological observation methods and datum application with the data collected by automatic weather stations, the new generation mesoscale automatic weather station network becomes a comprehensive system with the capabilities of ground observation, analyzing, predicting, warning, and Web publication combined.
The communication way, system framework and software realization of the New Generation Mesoscale Automatic Weather Station Network are described. The whole system is based on the CAWS series automatic weather stations, adopting mainly the wireless communication approach supplemented by cable. The system function design was realized though the three-level C/S structure and the B/S structure. Through re-developing the relational database based on the SQL Server 2000 and conducting researches on the meteorological observation methods and datum application with the data collected by automatic weather stations, the new generation mesoscale automatic weather station network becomes a comprehensive system with the capabilities of ground observation, analyzing, predicting, warning, and Web publication combined.
2005, 33(5):464-468.
Abstract:
The main functions and performance parameters of the IFD Receiver for CINRAD/CB Pulsed Doppler Weather Radar are presented.Techniques embedded in the receiver are IFD(Digitized Intermediate Frequency) ingestion with high sensitivity,highly dynamic range with AGC,low-phase noise frequency Synthesizer,on-line BITE test,real-time calibration.It is designed with the high-stability frequency source and COHO(Coherent Oscillator).The principles of IFD and the system frame receiver are also given.Analyses were made of the capability indicators such as the sensitivity,noise coefficient,and dynamic range.The pulsed Doppler weather radar is C-band weather radar and is currently used for monitoring severe weather in China.
The main functions and performance parameters of the IFD Receiver for CINRAD/CB Pulsed Doppler Weather Radar are presented.Techniques embedded in the receiver are IFD(Digitized Intermediate Frequency) ingestion with high sensitivity,highly dynamic range with AGC,low-phase noise frequency Synthesizer,on-line BITE test,real-time calibration.It is designed with the high-stability frequency source and COHO(Coherent Oscillator).The principles of IFD and the system frame receiver are also given.Analyses were made of the capability indicators such as the sensitivity,noise coefficient,and dynamic range.The pulsed Doppler weather radar is C-band weather radar and is currently used for monitoring severe weather in China.
2005, 33(5):469-473.
Abstract:
CINRAD/SA,China Next Generation Weather Radar,Build 10 radar software system is updated based on the CINRAD Build 7 and the NEXRAD WSR-88D Build 10. The CINRAD Build 10 radar software system integrated the advantages of the NEXRAD Build 10 and the CINRAD Build 7.The data process algorithms of the NEXRAD Build 10 are used.The stability of the software,the correctness of the generated products,and the capability of the software system are greatly improved.The new features of the CINRAD Build 10 radar software system are introduced.
CINRAD/SA,China Next Generation Weather Radar,Build 10 radar software system is updated based on the CINRAD Build 7 and the NEXRAD WSR-88D Build 10. The CINRAD Build 10 radar software system integrated the advantages of the NEXRAD Build 10 and the CINRAD Build 7.The data process algorithms of the NEXRAD Build 10 are used.The stability of the software,the correctness of the generated products,and the capability of the software system are greatly improved.The new features of the CINRAD Build 10 radar software system are introduced.
2005, 33(5):474-477.
Abstract:
The GIS-based Climate Monitoring and Disaster Warning System for Fujian Province was developed by the Fujian Meteorological Office by means of 3S(RS,GIS,GPS) technology,software programming and system integrating technology.The operational platform of the system was established on the Microsoft Windows XP operating system.The functions developed include: base map making,data processing,icon labeling,real-time monitoring and historical contrasting, diagnosis analyzing and disaster warning,data querying and region searching,map reviewing and graphics analyzing,database storing and web transmitting,and bulletin and disaster report making.With various climatic monitoring and meteorological disaster warning reports,the system helped local authorities foresee floods,droughts and water supply fluctuations from 2002,which can also be applied to the related scientific research fields.
The GIS-based Climate Monitoring and Disaster Warning System for Fujian Province was developed by the Fujian Meteorological Office by means of 3S(RS,GIS,GPS) technology,software programming and system integrating technology.The operational platform of the system was established on the Microsoft Windows XP operating system.The functions developed include: base map making,data processing,icon labeling,real-time monitoring and historical contrasting, diagnosis analyzing and disaster warning,data querying and region searching,map reviewing and graphics analyzing,database storing and web transmitting,and bulletin and disaster report making.With various climatic monitoring and meteorological disaster warning reports,the system helped local authorities foresee floods,droughts and water supply fluctuations from 2002,which can also be applied to the related scientific research fields.
2005, 33(5):478.
Abstract:
The Citystar GIS-based Climatic Resources Service System is a platform on which the results of climatic resources from numerical simulation and statistical calculation can be displayed and queried. The climatic values at any grid, meteorological index of crops, GIS information, and statistical information of agriculture can be queried expediently. The planting regionalization of crops can also be made by the system. The system has been widely used in the function and framework adjustment of agriculture production in Beijing suburbs. It provides the leaders of the related departments with scientific bases for decision-making.
The Citystar GIS-based Climatic Resources Service System is a platform on which the results of climatic resources from numerical simulation and statistical calculation can be displayed and queried. The climatic values at any grid, meteorological index of crops, GIS information, and statistical information of agriculture can be queried expediently. The planting regionalization of crops can also be made by the system. The system has been widely used in the function and framework adjustment of agriculture production in Beijing suburbs. It provides the leaders of the related departments with scientific bases for decision-making.
External LinksChina Meteorological AdministrationCMA Meteorological Observation CentreChinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing Meteorological ServiceNational Satellite Meteorological Center
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Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.
Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.