Volume 31,Issue 3,2003 Table of Contents
2003, 31(3):131-135.
Abstract:
文章介紹了大氣中天然放射性核素鈹-7(^7Be)、鉛-210(^210Pb)源、匯特征以及示蹤大氣動力輸送過程的一般原理。對國內、外有關^7Be、^210Pb觀測研究歷史、現狀以及它們在大氣科學中應用成果也作了綜述性的描述。^7Be和^210Pb是示蹤研究平流層與對流層交換、氣溶膠干、濕沉降等過程的一個重要的示蹤物。隨著大氣中傳統的核試驗所產生的^137Cs、^90Si等示蹤同位素背景濃度的降低，^7Be和^210Pb的示蹤作用在大氣科學應用中將越來越得到重視。
文章介紹了大氣中天然放射性核素鈹-7(^7Be)、鉛-210(^210Pb)源、匯特征以及示蹤大氣動力輸送過程的一般原理。對國內、外有關^7Be、^210Pb觀測研究歷史、現狀以及它們在大氣科學中應用成果也作了綜述性的描述。^7Be和^210Pb是示蹤研究平流層與對流層交換、氣溶膠干、濕沉降等過程的一個重要的示蹤物。隨著大氣中傳統的核試驗所產生的^137Cs、^90Si等示蹤同位素背景濃度的降低，^7Be和^210Pb的示蹤作用在大氣科學應用中將越來越得到重視。
2003, 31(3):136-139146.
Abstract:
文章用1851～2000年中國年氣溫資料，討論了它的變化及其未來趨勢。指出：①我國氣溫有3次全國性的躍變，分別在1920、1955和1978年，每個階段平均持續期為30年，這和北半球氣溫躍變點是基本一致的；②我國氣溫從1978年開始進入了一個穩定增溫的氣候階段，直到目前全國年平均氣溫比上一氣候階段增加了0．3l℃，增暖地區主要在黃河以北的北方地區，冬季增暖比夏季明顯，1998年是我國近百年來最暖的一年；③最近一次增溫開始于1978年，至2000年持續了23年，估計這個增溫階段至少還能持續10年，但未來10年主要的增溫地區有可能南移，長江流域將比現在暖，夏季氣溫37℃以上的日數要比現階段增多。
文章用1851～2000年中國年氣溫資料，討論了它的變化及其未來趨勢。指出：①我國氣溫有3次全國性的躍變，分別在1920、1955和1978年，每個階段平均持續期為30年，這和北半球氣溫躍變點是基本一致的；②我國氣溫從1978年開始進入了一個穩定增溫的氣候階段，直到目前全國年平均氣溫比上一氣候階段增加了0．3l℃，增暖地區主要在黃河以北的北方地區，冬季增暖比夏季明顯，1998年是我國近百年來最暖的一年；③最近一次增溫開始于1978年，至2000年持續了23年，估計這個增溫階段至少還能持續10年，但未來10年主要的增溫地區有可能南移，長江流域將比現在暖，夏季氣溫37℃以上的日數要比現階段增多。
2003, 31(3):140-146.
Abstract:
An analysis and study of icing physics and conditions are made. Experiments and comparisons of different icing algorithms are performed. An operational icing potential forecasting technique is developed with MM5 numerical model. An objective verification is conducted by using observed pilot reports of icing and operational modeloutput. The results show that the probability of detection is up to 81%.
An analysis and study of icing physics and conditions are made. Experiments and comparisons of different icing algorithms are performed. An operational icing potential forecasting technique is developed with MM5 numerical model. An objective verification is conducted by using observed pilot reports of icing and operational modeloutput. The results show that the probability of detection is up to 81%.
2003, 31(3):147-151.
Abstract:
In view of the mechanism of development of severe convective storms , the physical concepts and the calculating methods of several convective parameters related with buoyant energy and vertical wind shear are introduced. A case is studied in detail.The results indicate that some parameters may serve as forecaster parameters for severe convective storms.
In view of the mechanism of development of severe convective storms , the physical concepts and the calculating methods of several convective parameters related with buoyant energy and vertical wind shear are introduced. A case is studied in detail.The results indicate that some parameters may serve as forecaster parameters for severe convective storms.
2003, 31(3):152-155146.
Abstract:
SBDART is a popular model to compute plane-parallel radiative transfer in recent years. The model is designed for the analysis of a wide variety of radiative transfer problems encountered in satellite remote sensing and atmospheric radiation energy balance studies. The program is based on a collection of well tested and advanced physical models, which were developed over the past few decades in research practice. The function and structure of SBDART are introduced briefly in the paper. The SBDART model is combined with satellite data to obtain optical thickness of cloud and cloud drop effective radius, as well as extinction efficiency, in this way, recognition of aircraft icing is realized.
SBDART is a popular model to compute plane-parallel radiative transfer in recent years. The model is designed for the analysis of a wide variety of radiative transfer problems encountered in satellite remote sensing and atmospheric radiation energy balance studies. The program is based on a collection of well tested and advanced physical models, which were developed over the past few decades in research practice. The function and structure of SBDART are introduced briefly in the paper. The SBDART model is combined with satellite data to obtain optical thickness of cloud and cloud drop effective radius, as well as extinction efficiency, in this way, recognition of aircraft icing is realized.
2003, 31(3):156-159.
Abstract:
To make an investigation into cotton bollworm in the delta region of the Yellow River, the influence of the meteorological conditions upon its growing and the birth of the fifth generation cotton bollworm is analized. On these bases,the forecast equation for the fifth generation is established.
To make an investigation into cotton bollworm in the delta region of the Yellow River, the influence of the meteorological conditions upon its growing and the birth of the fifth generation cotton bollworm is analized. On these bases,the forecast equation for the fifth generation is established.
2003, 31(3):160-162166.
Abstract:
Based on the data of Jun.-Sep. temperature for Dinghai from 1954 to 2000, the climate characteristics of high temperature weather in Zhoushan City is analyzed, and the period of annual oscillation of high temperature is found.The strong or weak of subtropical high and their positions are well associated with the high temperature weather.The other factors influence the high temperature weather by affecting the strength and position of the subtropical high.
Based on the data of Jun.-Sep. temperature for Dinghai from 1954 to 2000, the climate characteristics of high temperature weather in Zhoushan City is analyzed, and the period of annual oscillation of high temperature is found.The strong or weak of subtropical high and their positions are well associated with the high temperature weather.The other factors influence the high temperature weather by affecting the strength and position of the subtropical high.
2003, 31(3):163-166.
Abstract:
利用廣州白云機場1970～2000年逐時能見度觀測資料，對白云機場低能見度的氣候特征進行統計分析。結果表明：小于等于1km的低能見度有明顯的8年周期變化，小于等于0．8kin和0．55km的低能見度主要振蕩周期是6～10年；自20世紀70年代出現能見度小于等于1km的日數有逐年上升趨勢，其中90年代出現的日數明顯偏多，80年代相對偏少；低能見度有明顯的季節變化和日變化特征；低能見度平均出現次數與持續時間明顯成反比；造成低能見度障礙的天氣現象僅有霧和雨。
利用廣州白云機場1970～2000年逐時能見度觀測資料，對白云機場低能見度的氣候特征進行統計分析。結果表明：小于等于1km的低能見度有明顯的8年周期變化，小于等于0．8kin和0．55km的低能見度主要振蕩周期是6～10年；自20世紀70年代出現能見度小于等于1km的日數有逐年上升趨勢，其中90年代出現的日數明顯偏多，80年代相對偏少；低能見度有明顯的季節變化和日變化特征；低能見度平均出現次數與持續時間明顯成反比；造成低能見度障礙的天氣現象僅有霧和雨。
2003, 31(3):167-173.
Abstract:
根據天氣學原理 ,對 11個探空站 1988～ 1997年 7、8、9月逐日 (0 7時、19時 )資料與同期天氣系統 (低槽、副熱帶高壓、低壓輻合、東風波、臺風低壓、大陸高壓、臺風外圍 )進行計算與分析 ,結果表明 ,江西省 1988～ 1997年 7～ 9月平均水汽量值為 4 .4 6 g·cm-2 ,其中 :0 7時為 4 .4 4 g·cm-2 ,19時為 4 .4 7g·cm-2 ,7、8、9月平均水汽量值各為4 .8g·cm-2 、4 .6 4 g·cm-2 、4 .0 9g·cm-2 。水汽量分布為南部高北部低 ,東部和西部居中。東風波影響時水汽量最大 ,值為 9.2 3g·cm-2 ,大陸高壓影響時水汽量最小 ,值為 0 .78g·cm-2 。輕度干旱頻率區水汽量值最大 ,為4 .81g·cm-2 ,最小值出現在重度干旱頻率區 ,為 0 .72 g·cm-2 。夏季水汽交換次數為 9.4次 /月 ,水汽更新率為 10 .2天。
根據天氣學原理 ,對 11個探空站 1988～ 1997年 7、8、9月逐日 (0 7時、19時 )資料與同期天氣系統 (低槽、副熱帶高壓、低壓輻合、東風波、臺風低壓、大陸高壓、臺風外圍 )進行計算與分析 ,結果表明 ,江西省 1988～ 1997年 7～ 9月平均水汽量值為 4 .4 6 g·cm-2 ,其中 :0 7時為 4 .4 4 g·cm-2 ,19時為 4 .4 7g·cm-2 ,7、8、9月平均水汽量值各為4 .8g·cm-2 、4 .6 4 g·cm-2 、4 .0 9g·cm-2 。水汽量分布為南部高北部低 ,東部和西部居中。東風波影響時水汽量最大 ,值為 9.2 3g·cm-2 ,大陸高壓影響時水汽量最小 ,值為 0 .78g·cm-2 。輕度干旱頻率區水汽量值最大 ,為4 .81g·cm-2 ,最小值出現在重度干旱頻率區 ,為 0 .72 g·cm-2 。夏季水汽交換次數為 9.4次 /月 ,水汽更新率為 10 .2天。
2003, 31(3):174-178.
Abstract:
One key technique of precipitation enhancement by AgI generator established at the windward side of the hill is to choose the occurring and lasting time of updrafts,which affect the rate of the valid nuclei into clouds.The feasibility of precipitation enhancement by AgI generator on the ground is analyzed.Using synoptic chart,satellite cloud picture,radar echo,and precipitation parameters,the technique of determining operating opportunity is discussed.
One key technique of precipitation enhancement by AgI generator established at the windward side of the hill is to choose the occurring and lasting time of updrafts,which affect the rate of the valid nuclei into clouds.The feasibility of precipitation enhancement by AgI generator on the ground is analyzed.Using synoptic chart,satellite cloud picture,radar echo,and precipitation parameters,the technique of determining operating opportunity is discussed.
2003, 31(3):179-182.
Abstract:
Based on the satellite images and synoptic charts and the radar(CINRAAD/CC) data of a heavy snow in southwestern of Hei Longjiang Province on December 12, 2001 ,the snowing weather process is analyzed. The result shows that the characteristics, such as the inhomogeneity of reflectivity, low level jet in speed field and two layer structure in height field can be obtained with the new generation weather radar ,as well as the difference of radar echoes of snow and rain is compared.
Based on the satellite images and synoptic charts and the radar(CINRAAD/CC) data of a heavy snow in southwestern of Hei Longjiang Province on December 12, 2001 ,the snowing weather process is analyzed. The result shows that the characteristics, such as the inhomogeneity of reflectivity, low level jet in speed field and two layer structure in height field can be obtained with the new generation weather radar ,as well as the difference of radar echoes of snow and rain is compared.
2003, 31(3):183-185189.
Abstract:
Using the data of precipitation in Weihai in winter from 1980 to 1999(Nov.-Feb.), the statistical characteristics of heavy snows are obtained. In these years, there were 21 heavy snows,average 1.0 heavy snows a year. The area of heavy snows is generally smaller, and the possibility of heavy snows over two meteorological observing stations or more is only 0.29. The uneven distribution of heavy snows is in association with the meteorological observing station's location. Most of heavy snows occurred in Wengdeng (average 0.7 heavy snow a year) while the least in Rushan(only one time in these years). The weather systems which caused heavy snows can be divided into two patterns: northeast cold vortex or trough line, and south trough line. The probability of the cold vortex accounts for 95.2%. It is predominant and the vortex caused 20 heavy snows in these years.
Using the data of precipitation in Weihai in winter from 1980 to 1999(Nov.-Feb.), the statistical characteristics of heavy snows are obtained. In these years, there were 21 heavy snows,average 1.0 heavy snows a year. The area of heavy snows is generally smaller, and the possibility of heavy snows over two meteorological observing stations or more is only 0.29. The uneven distribution of heavy snows is in association with the meteorological observing station's location. Most of heavy snows occurred in Wengdeng (average 0.7 heavy snow a year) while the least in Rushan(only one time in these years). The weather systems which caused heavy snows can be divided into two patterns: northeast cold vortex or trough line, and south trough line. The probability of the cold vortex accounts for 95.2%. It is predominant and the vortex caused 20 heavy snows in these years.
13 THE DESIGN OF THE PLACENAME INQUIRING AND CLEWING SYSTEM IN SATELLITIC REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS
2003, 31(3):186-189.
Abstract:
文章介紹了衛星遙感圖像處理系統中地名查詢提示系統(PICS)的開發技術及軟件設計。通過應用檢驗，查詢快捷，效果良好。
文章介紹了衛星遙感圖像處理系統中地名查詢提示系統(PICS)的開發技術及軟件設計。通過應用檢驗，查詢快捷，效果良好。
2003, 31(3):190.
Abstract:
Based on NOAA- AVHRR data from 1996 to 1999,the relation between the dry index of vegetation and relevant data of forest fire in Fujian Province is studied. It is indicated that the scope distribution of forest fire ranks in Fujian Province could be premonitored according to the geographic location of forest fire by GIS system.
Based on NOAA- AVHRR data from 1996 to 1999,the relation between the dry index of vegetation and relevant data of forest fire in Fujian Province is studied. It is indicated that the scope distribution of forest fire ranks in Fujian Province could be premonitored according to the geographic location of forest fire by GIS system.
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Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.
Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.