一次暴雨過程中GNSS信號的對流層延遲和水平梯度信息演變特征
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中國第二代衛星導航系統重大專項:基于北斗導航衛星的大氣、海洋和空間監測預警示范應用(一期)項目(GFZX03030303)資助


Evolution Characteristics of GNSS Zenith Tropospheric Delay and Horizontal Gradient during a Heavy Rainfall Event
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    摘要:

    為了充分發揮目前密集的全球導航衛星系統(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)測站的作用,本文建立了一套準實時的GNSS對流層總延遲(Zenith Total Delay, ZTD)和水平梯度(Horizontal Gradients,HG)解算系統,并基于中國氣象局的格網降水產品和ERA5再分析資料對廣州“5·7”暴雨下ZTD和HG的演變特征進行研究。結果表明:ZTD和HG的時序變化能夠反映出降水的前兆信息,而HG的矢量性則在一定程度上揭示降雨的相關特征。ZTD和HG的時空特征對暴雨的短臨預報具有一定指示作用,可作為對暴雨短臨預報的輔助手段。

    Abstract:

    In order to fully utilize the capabilities of the densely distributed Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) network, this study has developed a comprehensive near real-time GNSS retrieval system for analyzing Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) and Horizontal Gradients (HG). This system is specifically applied to investigate the evolution characteristics of ZTD and HG during the heavy rainfall event on 7 May 2017 in Guangzhou. The analysis incorporates gridded precipitation products from the China Meteorological Administration and ERA5 reanalysis data, ensuring a robust comparison and validation of the results. The study’s findings reveal that the temporal variations in ZTD and HG had the potential to capture early indicators of precipitation, offering valuable insights into the atmospheric conditions preceding rainfall events. Specifically, the increase in ZTD values was observed to coincide with the onset of precipitation, suggesting that ZTD could serve as a precursor to heavy rainfall. Meanwhile, the horizontal gradients (HG) exhibited distinct directional patterns that correlated with the movement and intensity of rainfall, indicating that HG not only reflected the presence of precipitation but also provided information on its spatial distribution and dynamics. Furthermore, the vector characteristics of HG were found to reveal certain critical features related to rainfall, such as the direction of moisture convergence and the intensity of localised convective activity. Areas with high Horizontal Gradient (HG) delay tended to have higher Integrated Water Vapor (IWV) and were more likely to experience precipitation. In summary, the spatiotemporal characteristics of ZTD and HG, as derived from the GNSS network, offered significant potential for improving short-term precipitation forecasting, particularly for extreme weather events such as heavy rainfall. By providing early warning signals and detailed insights into the evolving atmospheric conditions, these GNSS-derived parameters served as a valuable auxiliary tool for meteorologists and researchers engaged in the nowcasting of severe weather. The integration of ZTD and HG data into existing forecasting models could have enhanced the accuracy and lead time of predictions, thereby contributing to better preparedness and risk mitigation efforts in regions prone to sudden and intense precipitation events.

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涂滿紅,歐書圓,劉藝朦,曹云昌,劉佳,郭豐赫.一次暴雨過程中GNSS信號的對流層延遲和水平梯度信息演變特征[J].氣象科技,2024,52(6):841~849

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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-09
  • 定稿日期:2024-09-29
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  • 在線發布日期: 2024-12-25
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