In order to thoroughly comprehend the types, characteristics, and patterns of weather systems leading to maize lodging disasters in Jilin Province, an analytical approach employing historical disaster data, maize development period data, and ERA5 reanalysis data is adopted. Utilising typical case analysis methods, we seek to scrutinise and summarise the weather systems associated with maize lodging disasters in Jilin Province. The outcomes indicate that four predominant types of weather systems contribute significantly to maize lodging in the region: typhoon, northeast cold vortex, low-level shear line, and upper trough. During the jointing tasselling period, maize lodging is predominantly influenced by the northeast cold vortex, while during the tasselling milking period, the primary influencing factors are the low-level shear line and upper trough. The milking ripening period is chiefly affected by the northward movement of typhoons. Typhoons emerge as the most severe weather system causing maize lodging in Jilin Province, exhibiting extensive impacts, with the trajectory of their movement playing a pivotal role in determining the extent of crop lodging disasters. Typically, maize lodging disasters triggered by typhoons occur predominantly on the western or northern peripheries of their paths and on the northern flank of the associated surface low-pressure system. The second most influential weather system is the northeast cold vortex. Maize lodging disasters instigated by the cold vortex primarily manifest in the southeast quadrant of its influence, where conditions such as water vapour, dynamics, heat, and convective instability are most pronounced. The low-level shear line and upper trough exhibit a limited influence range. The occurrence site of maize lodging induced by the low-level shear line is contingent upon the positioning of the low-level shear line or convergence line. Maize lodging disasters attributed to upper-level troughs typically manifest in the frontal region of the upper-level trough, proximal to the ground cold front.