In this paper, 111 convective cells (35 hailstorm cells and 76 thunderstorm cells) in Weining are selected to analyse the radar echoes’ layered structure of convective cells in the vertical direction. The polarization parameters of the convective cloud and the phase distribution characteristics are analysed combined with the observation of dual-polarisation weather radar, preliminarily revealing that hailstorm cells have the characteristics of rapid development and small diameter of hail. The results are as follows: (1) The typical radar echo characteristic quantities of convective cells in Weining are basically consistent; the differences in macroscopic characteristic quantities are small, with the life cycle being about 100 min, and the maximum reflectivity factor mainly located within the height difference ±2.0 km from the 0 ℃ layer. Hailstorm cells are stronger than thunderstorm cells and exhibit rapid development, longer duration, and greater stability. (2) The ratio of the mean value of the maximum reflectivity factor of hail cloud echo greater than that of the 0 ℃ layer is only 28.6%; the hail diameter ≥10 mm accounts for only 8.3%, and the time for convective cells to develop into hail cloud cells is only 30 min, which is generally unfavourable for the formation of large hail. The size of hail corresponds to the spreading height of strong echo above the melting layer. The size of hail varies with the change of 45 dBz and 55 dBz echo development altitude; the higher the altitude, the larger the hail. (3) In general, there is little difference between hailstorm and thunderstorm, making it difficult to completely distinguish hailstorms. The X-band dual polarisation weather radar can reflect the type of precipitation particles and basically accords with the characteristics of the shape, size, and phase distribution of precipitation particles. It is necessary to introduce dual-polarisation radar observations, which is of great significance to improve the accuracy and lead time of hail recognition. However, the transformation characteristics of precipitation phase particles in the critical transition region should be considered, especially the interaction of Z_hh, Z_dr,K_DP, ρ_HV, and other polarisations in the phase transition of particles. (4) The atmosphere in Weining is unstable, and the lowlevel humidity conducive to convective weather formation reaches more than 83%. However, the vertical wind shear is weak, and the unstable energy is low; only 20% of cases have unstable stratification and possess strong unstable energy. In addition, the melting effect in the falling process of medium and small hail makes it easier to produce small hailstones in Weining.