雅安雨量站站網布設優化試驗
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四川省科技廳重點研發計劃項目(2022YFS0541)、高原與盆地暴雨旱澇災害四川省重點實驗室科技發展基金項目(SCQXKJYJXMS202221、SCQXKJYJXMS202219)資助


Optimal Layout Test of Ya’an Precipitation Station Network
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    摘要:

    雨量監測的準確性對天氣預報、氣候變化、服務決策、防災減災等有著重要的影響和意義,而雨量站網布設直接影響雨量監測的準確性。選取四川省雅安市作為研究對象,在現有站網布設的基礎上,采用相關性分析,提出基于抽站的站網布設優化方法,并對抽站后的站網布設合理性進行評價。結果表明:①雅安雨量站有265站,各站點的控制面積為2.64~510.78 km2,鄰近站間距離為0.3~12.28 km,鄰近站間降水相關系數為0.62~0.993;②逐次抽站后,雨量站控制面積和鄰近站間距離逐漸增大,鄰近站點間降水相關系數逐漸減小;③抽站后站網面雨量與原站網面雨量較一致,誤差較小,泰森多邊形法面雨量變化幅度小于算術平均法;④從降水過程來看,各次抽站后,降水落區和各量級降水范圍基本一致,站網對降水極值的捕捉能力較好,誤差較小,但隨著站點數的減少,對于降水形態刻畫的精細程度有所下降。

    Abstract:

    The accuracy of precipitation monitoring carries significant importance and impact on weather forecasting, climate change, service decision-making, disaster prevention and mitigation. The scientific and rational layout of the precipitation station network directly affects the precision of precipitation monitoring. Selecting Ya’an, Sichuan Province as the research object, based on the existing station network layout, we are analysing the control range of stations, the distance and the precipitation correlation between the closest stations, and on the principle of “no loss of precipitation information”. We are proposing an optimisation method for station network layout based on the reduction in stations and evaluating the rationality of station network layout by the changes in area rainfall before and after the reduction. The results show that there are 265 precipitation stations in Ya’an, with a control area of 2.64-510.78 km2 for each station, a distance between the nearest stations of 0.3-12.28 km, and a correlation coefficient of precipitation between the nearest stations of 0.62-0.993. Stations with smaller control areas and shorter distances between the nearest stations have relatively higher correlation coefficients of precipitation between the nearest stations. After each reduction, the control area of precipitation stations and the distance between the nearest stations gradually increase, and the precipitation correlation coefficient between the nearest stations gradually decreases. From the mutual information amount and the distribution of stations, the layout of the station network is becoming more uniform and reasonable. The monthly and daily area rainfall before and after reduction do not linearly increase with the increase of station reduction times, but the changes are not significant. The area rainfall and variation amplitude of the Tyson polygon method are both smaller than those of the arithmetic mean method. The area rainfall after the previous reduction aligns with that of the original network, with a smaller error. From the six precipitation processes in Ya’an, the heavy rainstorms of the six precipitation processes are mainly concentrated in the central part of Ya’an. After each reduction, the rain area and range are essentially consistent with the original station network, and the rain centre and region of heavy rain are able to be captured, as well as the extreme value of precipitation. However, with the reduction of stations, the granularity of precipitation morphology description has declined. Overall, after each reduction, the station network maintains a good ability to detect and capture precipitation, indicating that the optimization method for station network layout proposed in this article is reasonable.

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吳薇,杜冰,周春花,黃曉龍,郭旭.雅安雨量站站網布設優化試驗[J].氣象科技,2023,51(6):805~814

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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-10
  • 定稿日期:2023-07-14
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  • 在線發布日期: 2023-12-28
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