東亞沙源地與下游影響區沙塵天氣頻數變化對比分析
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國家自然科學基金項目(41965003)、內蒙古自然科學基金項目(2021MS04026)、(2022MS04018)資助


Comparison and Analysis of Sand-Dust Weather Frequency Changes between Sand Sources and Downstream Areas in East Asia
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    摘要:

    基于1999—2019年地面氣象觀測資料,對東亞主要沙塵源地(蒙古國、中國新疆和內蒙古)及中國沙源地下游地區的沙塵天氣頻數演變特征進行了分析,結果表明:蒙古國是沙塵天氣發生最嚴重的地區,且有明顯增加的趨勢,揚沙、沙塵暴和強沙塵暴均遠高于其他區域。中國整體沙塵天氣數量顯著減少,新疆快速增多,內蒙古和下游地區明顯減少。新疆浮塵發生頻次最高,近21 a線性傾向呈明顯上升趨勢;內蒙古揚沙頻次最高,強沙塵暴最少,4類天氣均呈逐年減少趨勢;我國下游地區多發浮塵和揚沙,沙塵暴和強沙塵暴發生次數很少,全部沙塵天氣呈減少趨勢。1999—2004年為我國沙塵天氣高發期, 2005—2019年明顯減少,其中2010—2014年減少速度最快。沙塵源地對我國沙塵天氣總數的貢獻持續增大,從2000年初的39%增長到2015年之后的71%。作為沙塵源地,蒙古國對沙塵天氣產生的作用有所增強,而內蒙古則在減弱;國內沙塵源地導致的能夠影響并擴展至中國下游地區和下游國家的強沙塵天氣顯著減少。

    Abstract:

    Based on the meteorological surface observation data from 1999 to 2019, the evolution characteristics of sand-dust weather frequency in the main sand sources in East Asia (Mongolia, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia) and the downstream areas in China are analyzed. The results show that the most severe sand-dust weather is in Mongolia, which shows an increasing trend, with the highest numbers of sand, sandstorm and strong sandstorm days in all of the regions. The frequency of sand-dust weather is reduced in China and increases rapidly in Xinjiang; moreover, it obviously reduces in Inner Mongolia and the downstream area. In Xinjiang, the frequency of dust weather is the highest, and shows an obvious increasing trend with linear tendency in the past 21 years. In Inner Mongolia, the sand blowing weather occure more frequently than other sand-dust weather, while the strong sandstorm is relatively less. In addition, all kinds of sand-dust weather are reduced. In the downstream area of China, dust and sand weather occurs frequently and decreases slightly. At the same time, sandstorms and strong sandstorms rarely occur. According to the interannual variations of sand-dust weather in China, 1999-2004 is the peak period, and 2005-2019 is obviously reduced, with 2010-2014 showing the fastest decline. The contribution of the sand sources to the total number of sanddust weather days in China has increased continuously, from 39% at the beginning of 2000 to 71% after 2015. As sand sources, Mongolia’s contribution to sand-dust weather has increased, while Inner Mongolia’s has weakened. There is a significant reduction in the number of severe dust events that can affect and spread to the downstream areas of China and other downstream countries.

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杭月荷,姜學恭,云靜波,衣娜娜,劉珂.東亞沙源地與下游影響區沙塵天氣頻數變化對比分析[J].氣象科技,2023,51(4):499~509

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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-20
  • 定稿日期:2023-04-23
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  • 在線發布日期: 2023-08-29
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