基于S波段雙偏振雷達和X波段相控陣雷達的超級單體觀測分析
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廣州市科技計劃項目(2023B04J02332)、廣東省氣象局科技項目(GRMC2020Z08)、雷達應用及強對流短臨預警技術創新團(GRMCTD202002)共同資助


Analysis of a Supercell Using S-band Dual-polarization Radar and X-band Phased Array Radar
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    摘要:

    利用廣州S波段雙偏振雷達和X波段相控陣雷達資料,對2022年3月26日一次降雹超級單體風暴成熟階段的雷達觀測特征開展分析,結果表明:超級單體呈現出鉤狀回波、回波懸垂、中氣旋、三體散射等經典結構特征。徑向速度上觀測到中低層輻合、高層輻散以及中氣旋和反氣旋共存的雙渦旋結構,有助于超級單體的維持發展。偏振特征分析發現,超級單體低層出現了反射率因子(ZDR)弧,低層強回波區對應偏小的差分反射率(ZDR)、低的相關系數(CC)和大的差分相移率(KDP),符合融化的冰雹特征。中層觀測到ZDR環、CC環和三體散射(TBSS)的偏振特征。高層強回波區對應低的ZDR、較高的CC和低的KDP,對應空中干的大冰雹。垂直方向上觀測到ZDR柱和KDP柱,ZDR柱最大發展高度達到8 km。X波段相控陣雷達更快的掃描速度還精細監測到超級單體鉤狀回波和中氣旋的形成演變過程,低層也觀測到與S波段雙偏振雷達類似的ZDR弧特征和融化中的冰雹特征,但是使用中要留意衰減造成的影響。

    Abstract:

    Using the data of Guangzhou S-band dual-polarization radar and X-band phased array radar, we analyze the radar observation characteristics of a supercell on March 26, 2022. The results show that this supercell showed classical structural features such as hook echo, drape echo, and three-body scatter signature (TBSS). Other structures, such as low-level convergence, upper-level divergence, mesocyclone and anticyclones, contributed to the maintenance of the supercell. Analysis of the polarization features shows that the differential reflectivity (ZDR) arc appeared in the low layer of the supercell, and the high reflectivity corresponded to low ZDR, low correlation coefficient (CC) and high specific differential phase (KDP), which conformed to the characteristics of melting hail. The polarization characteristics of the ZDR ring, CC ring and TBSS were observed in the middle layer. The high-rise strong-echo regions corresponded to low ZDR, higher CC, and low KDP, helping to identify large hail. The ZDR and the KDP columns were observed in the vertical direction, and the maximum development height of the ZDR column reached 8 km. The KDP column could reflect changes in the region of the supercell containing large amounts of liquid water droplets, and the KDP foot could identify the region where the heavy precipitation was located. The faster scanning speed of X-band phased array radar could finely monitor the formation and evolution of supercell hook echo and mesocyclones. ZDR arc and melting hail features were also observed at low layers with patterns similar to those by S-band dual-polarization radar, but the effects of attenuation should be dealt with with caution.

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張羽,姚聃,楊金紅,曾琳,馮嘉寶.基于S波段雙偏振雷達和X波段相控陣雷達的超級單體觀測分析[J].氣象科技,2023,51(3):419~430

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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-20
  • 定稿日期:2023-04-13
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  • 在線發布日期: 2023-06-29
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