Due to the differences in the system design of aerosol lidar, climate conditions in the observation site, parameters selection in retrieval and other factors, the quality of retrieved aerosol optical properties from each measurement is inconsistent, and its reliability is difficult to evaluate, which greatly affects the operational application in meteorology, environmental protection, and other fields. In order to solve this problem, we analyze the factors that affect the quality reliability of retrieved aerosol optical properties and develop a set of quality reliability assessment algorithms. A scientific and reasonable scoring combined with a weight allocation method is used to evaluate the quality reliability of retrieved aerosol optical properties from each measurement. This study mainly discusses the quality reliability assessment of retrieved aerosol optical properties of polarization Mie scattering lidar. The 532 nm polarization Mie scattering lidars of the Meteorological Observation Centre, China Meteorological Administration, are taken as examples to verify and analyze the proposed quality reliability assessment algorithm. The results show that the algorithm can effectively distinguish the quality reliability of retrieved aerosol optical properties from each measurement of each lidar in different observation scenarios and possesses the ability to provide the reliability assessment for the operational application of aerosol lidar.