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Lowtemperature frozen characteristics and their risk assessment can provide the theoretical basis for decision-making of rape planting layout. This article uses daily weather data from 66 national ground meteorological stations in Anhui Province from 1960 to 2017. Depending on the low-temperature strength, the lowtemperature freezing damage is divided into three levels: light, medium and heavy damage, and builds a low-temperature risk index. Matlab, ArcGIS 9.3 and wavelet analysis methods have been applied to analyze the multitime scale variation characteristics of rape low-temperature freezing damage in Anhui Province for nearly 57 years. Low-temperature freezing risk zoning of rape is carried out. The results show that: (1) The distribution characteristics of different levels of low-temperature freezing damage are basically similar during the wintering of rape in Anhui Province, rendering strip distribution characteristics from south to north. High-value areas for average annual total freezing damage occur in the Huaibei area, along the Huaihe area and the Dabie mountain area. (2) Mild, moderate, severe, and total freezing damages show a significant decline; the tendency rates are 1.0, 1.0, 1.1 and 3.2 days per 10 years, respectively, during the wintering of rape in nearly 57 years, which indicates that global warming is good for rape safety in a certain extent. (3) The light-weight risk area is located in the southern region of the Huoshan-Liu’an-Hefei-Quanjiao area, which has a lower latitude, and smaller low-temperature freezing risk index, and is suitable for large-scale planting. The study conclusions can be used as a basis for the development of rape planting layout and meteorological disaster defence countermeasures.