河北冬季一次冷鋒降雪云系微物理演變特征綜合觀測分析研究
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河北省省級科技計劃項目(20375402D)、中國氣象局創新發展專項(CXFZ23J038)、國家重點研發計劃項目(2018YFC1507900)共同資助


A Comprehensive Observational Study of Micro-physical Evolution Characteristics of a Snowfall Cloud System under Winter Cold Front in Hebei Province
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    摘要:

    利用河北省中南部地區皇寺國家觀測站布設的毫米波云雷達、微雨雷達結合飛機等聯合觀測數據,對2019年2 月14日河北中南部地區一次冷鋒降雪云系微物理演變特征進行分析,探討雷達回波與冰雪晶粒子微結構的關系,以便更好地認識該地區自然降雪的宏微觀結構特征。研究結果表明:降雪初生階段表現為雙層云結構,中云云頂高約4100 m,云底高約3600 m,低云云頂高約3100 m,云底高約200 m,中間存在一干層,3000 m以下高度粒子增長以凇附過程為主。降雪發展階段上下兩層云相接,雷達回波強度較強的時段地面降水量也較大,該時段降雪過程主要以凝華-聚并增長為主。降雪后期回波強度最大值減小,云頂高降低,3000 m以下高度范圍內回波強度、多普勒速度、譜寬隨高度降低呈增大趨勢;飛機觀測結果顯示,降雪消散階段逆溫層底部由于水云云層較薄,催化潛力較小,冰雪晶粒子主要位于云的中上部,隨著高度降低,冰雪晶粒子在下落過程中增大,與雷達觀測結果一致,毫米波云雷達和微雨雷達反射率因子隨高度變化與降水粒子有效粒徑之間相關系數分別為0.89和0.83, 雷達反射率因子主要受冰雪晶等大尺度粒子主導。

    Abstract:

    In order to better understand the macro and micro structure characteristics of snow clouds, the vertical structure and evolution of a frontal snowfall process on February 14, 2019, are examined using the dataset of Micro Rain Radar (MRR) and Ka-band Cloud Radar (CR) combined with aircraft observation at Huangsi national meteorological station in the south-central part of Hebei Province. The results are as follows: During the initial stage of snowfall, there was a double-layer cloud structure with a dry layer in the middle. The cloud top and base height of the medium cloud were about 4100 m and 3600 m, respectively. The height of the low cloud top and bottom were 3100 m and 200 m, respectively. The growth of particles below 3000 m in the lower cloud was mainly due to the process of rime attachment. During the snowfall development stage, the upper and lower layers of cloud were connected, and the amount of snowfall on the ground was larger in the period with stronger radar echo intensity. The snowfall process in this period was mainly dominated by condensation and aggregation growth. During the late stage of snowfall, the maximum echo intensity and the cloud top height decreased. The echo intensity, doppler velocity and spectral width increased with the decreasing height below 3000 m. Aircraft observation results show that due to the thin water cloud, it was unsuitable for catalytic operation at the bottom of the inversion layer during the late snowfall period. Ice and snow particles were mainly located in the middle and upper part of the cloud and grew bigger during the falling process as the height decreased, which is consistent with radar observation. The correlation coefficient between millimetre wave cloud radar/MRR reflectance and the effective diameter of precipitation particles were 0.89 and 0.83, respectively. Radar reflectivity factors were mainly dominated by largescale particles such as ice and snow crystal particles.

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王曉青,董曉波,閆非,付嬌,王姝怡,薛學武,張健南,孫嘯申,崔毅.河北冬季一次冷鋒降雪云系微物理演變特征綜合觀測分析研究[J].氣象科技,2023,51(2):233~244

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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-23
  • 定稿日期:2022-11-04
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  • 在線發布日期: 2023-04-27
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