2020年湖南兩次典型混合型強對流天氣過程對比分析
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2021年中國氣象局創新發展專項(CXFZ2021J020)、2022年湖南省自然科學基金項目(2022JJ40214)及2023年中國氣象局復盤專項(FPZJ2023088)共同資助


Comparative Analysis of Two Severe Convective Processes in Hunan Province in 2020
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    摘要:

    利用地面自動站資料、多普勒天氣雷達資料、衛星逐小時TBB資料及NCEP再分析資料,對2020年3月下旬兩次強對流天氣過程(21—22日過程和26—27日過程)進行對比分析。結果表明:①兩次強對流天氣過程都有較好的動力、熱氣和水汽條件配合,高層輻散、低層輻合的環流配置有利于上升運動,熱力不穩定層結強烈發展,加上有利的水汽條件,在高空低槽與地面輻合線等系統的觸發下,導致混合強對流天氣發生。②兩次強對流天氣過程均分為兩個階段,暖平流強迫類強對流和斜壓鋒生類,在暖平流強迫類階段不穩定能量積聚很明顯,并在斜壓鋒生階段開始前得到一定程度的釋放,兩次過程斜壓鋒生類階段的動力條件和水汽輻合較暖平流類階段更強。③兩次強對流天氣過程均出現了冰雹、雷暴大風、短時強降水,“21日過程”西南急流發展更加旺盛,暖平流中心強度更強,垂直伸展高度更厚,熱力條件更好,以雷暴大風、冰雹為主;“26日過程”冷空氣勢力更強,顯著上升運動維持的時間也較長,有著更充沛的水汽供給,以短時強降水為主。④兩次過程懷化沅陵縣官莊鎮19:00—20:00均出現冰雹,雷達回波均反映出典型的冰雹回波特征,“21日過程”較“26日過程”最大反射率因子更大,中氣旋強度更強,垂直累積液態含水量(VIL)躍增更明顯,值更大,中氣旋擴展高度更高、高空輻散更強,因此冰雹直徑更大。

    Abstract:

    Based on the data of the ground automatic station, Doppler weather radar, satellite hourly TBB data and NCEP reanalysis data, two strong convective weather processes (the process of 21-22 and the process of 26-27) in late March 2020 are compared and analyzed. The results show that: (1) The two strong convective weather processes had good coordination of dynamical, thermal and water vapour conditions. The circulation configuration of high-level divergence and low-level convergence was conducive to upward movement. The strong development of thermal unstable stratification, coupled with favourable water vapour conditions, triggered by systems such as the upper trough and the surface convergence line, led to the occurrence of mixed strong convection weather. (2) The two strong convective weather processes were divided into two stages, namely, warm advection forced strong convection and baroclinic frontogenesis. The accumulation of unstable energy was obvious in the forced phase of warm advection, and it was released to a certain extent before the beginning of the baroclinic frontogenesis phase. The dynamical conditions and water vapour convergence in the baroclinic frontogenesis stage of the two processes were stronger than those in the warm advection stage. (3) Hail, thunderstorms, gale and short-term strong precipitation occurred in the two strong convection weather processes. In the first process, the southwest jet developed more vigorously, the intensity of the warm advection centre was stronger, the vertical extension height was thicker, and the thermal conditions were better, mainly thunderstorms, gales and hail. In the second process, the cold air was stronger, and the significant upward movement lasted longer, with a more abundant water vapour supply, mainly short-term strong precipitation. (4) Hail occurred in 19:00-20:00 in Guanzhuang Town, Yuanling County, Huaihua, in both processes. The radar echoes all reflected the typical hail echo characteristics. The maximum reflectivity factor of the “21-22 process” was larger than that of the “26-27 process”, the intensity of the mesocyclone was stronger, the vertical cumulative liquid water content (VIL) jump was more obvious, and the value was larger, the expansion height of the mesocyclone was higher, and the upper air divergence was stronger, so the diameter of the hail was larger.

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周慧,周莉,蔡榮輝,陳龍,唐佳,唐明暉,黃驕文.2020年湖南兩次典型混合型強對流天氣過程對比分析[J].氣象科技,2023,51(2):222~232

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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-24
  • 定稿日期:2023-02-02
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  • 在線發布日期: 2023-04-27
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