華北地區一次長生命史超級單體雹暴特征觀測
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河北省自然科學基金項目(D2020108049)、河北省氣象局預報員專項(19ky37)共同資助


Characteristics of a Long-Life Supercell Hailstorm in North China
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    摘要:

    對2020 年6 月25 日河北南部從保定淶源到滄州東光的超級單體雹暴環境條件、雷達觀測及風場反演特征進行了分析。結果表明:①本次超級單體雹暴是在水平對流卷上觸發起來并經過不斷加強形成的。②超級單體雹暴長時間處于中等到強的基本順時針旋轉環境風的垂直風切變環境中、中氣旋維持時間超過3 h以及較強冷池作用,是本次超級單體雹暴維持長生命史的可能原因。③對流單體VIL持續7 h基本維持在55~80 kg·m-2區間,與單體移動路徑上降雹時段一致,超過4 h持續出現三體散射長釘或旁瓣回波特征,與本次過程中災情調查和氣象站觀測到的大冰雹時間段基本一致,對大冰雹有較好指示意義。④超級單體雹暴出現鉤狀回波(低層)、回波懸垂“穹隆”結構、風暴頂輻散、ZDR柱和KDP柱等特征?!榜仿 表敳繛?5 dBz以上反射率因子,該處風場以垂直上升為主,水平風分量較弱,呈現出“穴道零域”結構,利于大冰雹增長。超級單體垂直速度隨高度增大,利于中氣旋形成和維持。

    Abstract:

    The characteristics of a supercell hailstorm event, which occurred in the south of Hebei from Laiyuan to Dongguang on June 25, 2020, are analyzed according to the environmental conditions and the wind field retrieval from dual Doppler radar. The results suggest that: (1) This supercell hailstorm was triggered and continuously strengthened in a horizontal convective roll. (2) The possible reasons for the long-life event include that the supercell was in the environment of vertical wind shear, which caused by the medium to strong basic clockwise rotating background wind; the maintenance time of mesocyclone was more than three hours; and there was a strong cold pool. (3) The VIL values of supercells from 55 to 80 kg m-2 lasted for seven hours, which was consistent with the hail path during the period. The three-body scattering spike or sidelobe echo characteristics appeared for more than four hours, which was consistent with the time of large hail confirmed by the meteorological observation and the disaster investigation in the events and had obvious indicative significance for large hail. (4) There were supercell characteristics such as the hook echo at the low levels, echo suspension, dome structure, divergence in the top of the storm, the column of ZDR and KDP, and so on. The reflectivity over the dome was more than 65 dBz. The wind field was mainly vertical upward but weak horizontal component, which formed a structure of cave-channel and zero-region and was conductive to the growth of large hails. The vertical velocity of the supercell increased with height, which was beneficial to the formation and maintenance of mesocyclone.

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劉瑾,王叢梅,胡志群,李芷霞,劉笑,李國翠,楊洋.華北地區一次長生命史超級單體雹暴特征觀測[J].氣象科技,2022,50(3):390~402

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  • 收稿日期:2021-08-19
  • 定稿日期:2022-02-14
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  • 在線發布日期: 2022-06-30
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