Using the conventional observation data and automatic regional station hourly precipitation data of Xinjiang in the warm season (May to September) for the past ten years, 468 short-time heavy precipitation processes are counted, and their main weather flow, key environmental parameter characteristics and forecast thresholds are discussed. The conclusions are as follows. The effect systems primarily were the central Asia trough (vortex), West Siberia trough (vortex) and Northwest flow. Among the three, the central Asia trough (vortex) occurred most freguently. The temperature and relative humidity profiles from radiosonde sounding can be classified into four types: type I (air with the whole atmosphere dry), type II (air with upper-layer dry and lower-layer wet), type III (air with upper-layer wet and lower-layer dry), and type IV (air with the whole atmosphere wet). The short-time heavy precipitation occurred most freguently under the atmosphere of type I and type III. The central Asia trough (vortex) processes were mainly type III or type IV. Most cases of the West Siberia trough (vortex) belonged to type I and type II. Type I and type III were in the majority of that under the Northwest flow. The corresponding minimum thresholds of the main environmental parameters for the three flow patterns were: 24.0 ℃, 25.0 ℃, 27.0 ℃ for the temperature difference between 850 hPa and 500 hPa; 3.0 ℃, 2.0 ℃, 2.9 ℃ for the average dew temperature from the ground to 700 hPa; 117 J·Kg^-1, 146 J·Kg^-1, 103 J·Kg^-1 for CAPE; 0.8×10^-3s^-1, 1.0×10^-3s^-1, 0.5×10^-3s^-1 for 0-6 km vertical wind shear. In order to provide technical support to the short-time heavy precipitation nowcasting and warning, the preliminary exploration on main weather flow configuration, potential shortimpending prediction and thresholds are made.