鄂北一次超級對流單體的雙偏振雷達特征分析
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Dualpolarization Radar Characteristics Analysis of a Supercell in Northern Hubei
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    摘要:

    利用湖北省隨州市S波段雙偏振雷達資料及常規觀測資料,對2020年5月4日鄂北隨州出現的超級單體風暴進行分析。結果發現:①在有利天氣背景作用下,形成了上干冷下暖濕的垂直層結、0~6 km中等強度垂直風切變以及地面輻合線,為強風暴的發生發展提供環境條件和觸發條件。②超級單體發展過程中,觀測到前側“V”形入流缺口、中氣旋、弱回波穹隆、懸垂回波、鉤狀回波等特征,且風暴頂高度、風暴質心高度、最大水平反射率因子高度以及垂直累積液態含水量等風暴參數均呈先升后降趨勢。③超級單體的發展和成熟階段,在0 ℃層以下的低層,于前側下沉氣流西側的水平反射率因子大梯度區觀測到淺薄的差分反射率因子Zdr大值區,即Zdr弧;④超級單體的初始階段、發展階段以及成熟階段,在0 ℃層之上的中層,觀測到強上升氣流的正溫度擾動使冰相粒子在附近融化而形成的Zdr環形大值區和相關系數環形小值區。⑤垂直方向上,在超級單體的初始階段、發展階段以及成熟階段均觀測到Zdr柱和差分相位常數Kdp柱。Zdr柱與弱回波穹隆區位置對應較好,其不同時期特征反映了上升氣流強的變化;Kdp柱的變化反映了超級單體中含有大量液態水滴區域的變化。

    Abstract:

    The Suizhou Sband dualpolarization radar data and conventional observations are used to analyze a supercell in the northern Hubei on 4 May 2020. The results show that: (1) The favourable weather conditions provided the vertical stratification of dry and cold in the upper part and warm and wet in the lower part, moderateintensity vertical wind shear in 0 to 6 km and the surface convergence line. They provided the environmental conditions and trigger conditions for the strong storms. (2) During the supercell development, the front “V” inflow gap, mesocyclone, weak echo dome, drape echo and hook echo were observed. Moreover, the storm top, the centre of storm mass, the height of maximum horizontal reflectivity factor and the VIL showed the trend of first rising and then falling. (3) During the development and maturity of the supercell, a shallow region of high differential reflectivity was found along the large gradient region on the west of forwardflank downdraft below 0 ℃ which was termed as Zdr arc. (4) During the beginning, development and maturity stages of the supercell, a midlevel circular ring of enhanced Zdr and depressed R was found above the 0 ℃ layer, formed by the melting of ice particles due to the positive temperature disturbance strong updraft. (5) In the vertical direction, the Zdr and Kdp columns were observed in the supercell’s beginning, development, and maturity stages. The position of the Zdr column was consistent with a weak echo dome, and its characteristics in different periods reflected the change of updraft intensity; the change of the Kdp column demonstrated the change of liquid droplet region in the supercell.

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賀曉露,楊濤,李格,郝元甲,姜偉男,秦幼文.鄂北一次超級對流單體的雙偏振雷達特征分析[J].氣象科技,2021,49(6):913~922

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  • 收稿日期:2021-03-24
  • 定稿日期:2021-06-23
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  • 在線發布日期: 2021-12-29
  • 出版日期: 2021-12-31
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