一次超級單體龍卷雙偏振多普勒天氣雷達分析
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國家重點研發計劃(重大自然災害監測預警與防范)項目(2018YFC1506104)、中國氣象局預報員專項項目(CMAYBY2020055)、安徽省科研項目(kY201908)資助


Analysis of a Supercell Tornado with Dual-polarization Doppler Radar
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    摘要:

    利用蚌埠S波段雙偏振多普勒雷達資料,對安徽省宿州市2020年7月22日的龍卷天氣進行了分析。結果表明:在梅雨期暴雨天氣形勢下,較低的抬升凝結高度、較強的中低層垂直風切變為龍卷提供了有利的環境背景。龍卷發生在梅雨鋒南端的超級單體風暴中,底層的右后方出現鉤狀回波。風暴參數、中氣旋、龍卷渦旋(TVS)特征參數在龍卷過程中的急劇變化,對提前預警和判斷龍卷是否發生有較好的指示意義。龍卷發生前單體風暴最大反射率因子、垂直累積液態水、頂高都躍增,底高明顯降低,龍卷發生在最大反射率因子高度驟降到風暴底部之時。雷達在龍卷發生前24 min探測到中氣旋,在42 min前探測到TVS。龍卷發生前中氣旋頂高躍增、最大切變量高度驟降,龍卷發生在底高降到1 km以下,同時頂高驟降、最大切變量高度降到中氣旋底部之時。龍卷發生前TVS頂高和最大切變量躍增、最大切變量高度驟降,龍卷發生時頂高驟降,最大切變量高度也隨之降到TVS底部。在底層鉤狀回波末端處觀測到零滯后相關系數、差分反射率低值區的龍卷碎片特征。

    Abstract:

    Using the Sband dualpolarization Doppler radar in Bengbu, the tornado weather on 22 July 2020 in Suzhou, Anhui Province is analyzed in detail. The results show that under the situation of a rainstorm in the Meiyu period,the lower lifting condensation level and strong vertical wind shear in the middle and low levels provided a favorable environment for the tornado. The tornado occurred in a supercell storm at the southern end of the Meiyu front. There was a hook echo at the right rear of the bottom layer of the supercell. The rapid changes of storm parameters, mesocyclone and TVS (Tornado Vortex Signature) parameters are good indications for early warning and judgement for the occurrence of the tornado. Before the occurrence of the tornado, the maximum reflectivity, vertical accumulated liquid water and top height of the individual storm all increased, while the bottom height decreased significantly. The tornado occurred when the maximum reflectivity factor height dropped rapidly to the bottom. The radar detected the mesocyclone and TVS, 24 and 42 minutes, respectively, before the tornado occurred. Meanwhile the top height of the mesocyclone increased significantly and the maximum hear height dropped sharply. The tornado occurred when the bottom height dropped below 1 km. The top height dropped suddenly and the maximum hear height dropped to the bottom of the mesocyclone. Before the occurrence of tornado, the TVS top height and the maximum shear increased, and the maximum shear height decreased. When the tornado occurred, the top height decreased, and the maximum shear height also decreased to the bottom of TVS. The zerolag correlation coefficient and the tornadic debris signature (TDS) in the low differential reflectance area were observed at the end of the bottom hook echo.

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項陽,吳林林.一次超級單體龍卷雙偏振多普勒天氣雷達分析[J].氣象科技,2021,49(4):579~588

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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-29
  • 定稿日期:2021-04-20
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  • 在線發布日期: 2021-08-23
  • 出版日期: 2021-08-31
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