1710號臺風“海棠”外圍龍卷大氣環境條件和雷達特征分析
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國家重點研發計劃資助項目(2018YFC1506103) 、中國鐵路總公司重大課題(K2018T007)、江蘇省科技廳項目(BE2017776)、江蘇省預報員專項(JSYB202013)、淮安市氣象科研項目(201901)共同資助


Synoptic Situation and Radar Characteristics of Tornado in Outside-Region of Typhoon Haitang
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    摘要:

    2017年8月1日18:10—18:30受1710號臺風“海棠”外圍螺旋雨帶影響,江蘇省淮安市淮安區出現EF1級龍卷。利用常規觀測資料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析資料、多普勒雷達資料等,對龍卷過程進行分析。結果顯示:龍卷發生在“海棠”殘留低壓和副高邊緣間的東南暖濕急流中,其發生前1 h地面出現小尺度渦旋并沿著地面輻合線移動。龍卷影響時,相鄰地面自動站觀測到氣壓上升、氣溫和露點下降、風力明顯增大。逐漸增大的對流有效位能、小的對流抑制能量、較大的0~1 km垂直風切變、1 km以下的抬升凝結高度、干侵入等環境場特征均有利于本次龍卷風暴的生成?;窗捕嗥绽绽走_探測到入流缺口、TVS特征、氣旋性風場結構。通過垂直螺旋度分析和雙多普勒雷達風場反演等方法,發現在龍卷發生前低層環境垂直風切變有利于小尺度渦旋生成,中低層水平風場以輻合為主。當出現龍卷時,氣旋式輻合中心下降有利于渦旋觸地,龍卷發生地位于低層渦旋移動方向左前側與1 km高度切變線附近。

    Abstract:

    In the outer rain band of Typhoon Haitang, an EF1 tornado struck the Huaian District of Huaian, Jiangsu Province from 18:10 to 18:30 on 1 August 2017. Using the data of conventional observation, NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data, and Doppler weather radar observation, this paper analyzes a tornado process. The results show that the tornado occurred in the southeast warm and wet jet between the residual low pressure of the typhoon and the edge of the subtropical high. One hour before the occurrence, the smallscale vortex appeared on the ground and moved along the ground convergence line. The adjacent ground automatic station observed an increase in air pressure, a decrease in temperature and dew point, and a significant increase in wind force when the tornado passed by. Increasing convective available potential energy, small convection inhibition energy, large vertical wind shear between 0 and 1 km, low lifting condensation level, and dry intrusion were all conducive to the formation of this tornado storm. Huaian Doppler radar detected the inflow gap, TVS characteristic, and cyclonic wind field structure. Based on the vertical helicity analysis and double Doppler radar wind field inversion methods, the structures and evolutions of tornado are studied. It is found that the smallscale vortices had generated in the vertical wind shear of the lower environment before the tornado occurred. The horizontal wind field was dominated by convergence. When the tornado occurred, the descending of cyclonic convergence center was favorable for the vortex to touch the ground. The tornado appeared on the left front of the vortex in the lower level and formed in the horizontal wind shear below 1.5 km.

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湯潔,徐芬,吳海英,夏網萍,安禮政.1710號臺風“海棠”外圍龍卷大氣環境條件和雷達特征分析[J].氣象科技,2021,49(2):235~243

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  • 收稿日期:2020-04-20
  • 定稿日期:2020-08-05
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  • 在線發布日期: 2021-04-25
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