2012—2018西藏“雨窩”降水特征及其成因分析
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廣東省氣象局重點項目“西藏墨脫‘雨窩’極端暴雨事件發生的地域特征研究”(GRM2017Z06)資助


Characteristic and Causal Analysis of Concentrated and Frequently Occurring Intense Rainfall in Tibet in 2012-2018
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    摘要:

    本文采用2012—2018年西藏74個氣象站的降水資料,以及墨脫站小時、日、月、季、年的降水資料,對西藏的降水日數、累計降水量、強降水的空間分布進行了分析,結果表明:①墨脫是西藏降水日數最多、累計降水量最大的中心,也是出現極端強降水概率最高的區域。②墨脫的降水主要集中在3—10月,降水呈現雙峰型,峰值分別出現在6月和9月,其中9月的降水量跟年降水量有很好的相關性。③墨脫出現暴雨次數最多的是5、8、9月,其中5月的暴雨日數突增,與8、9月的暴雨日數相當。④墨脫干濕季分明,多夜雨,凌晨03:00—07:00出現降雨的概率達到50%以上。墨脫位于西藏的最南端,海拔從最低的115 m上升到1200 m,印度洋的濕潤氣流沿著雅魯藏布河谷長驅直入,在地形抬升作用下,使得墨脫的降水量堪比同緯度的內地沿海城市,因此墨脫為西藏的“雨窩”。

    Abstract:

    This paper adopts the precipitation data of 74 meteorological stations in Tibet from 2012 to 2018, as well as the hourly, daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual precipitation data of Modog Station to analyze the spatial distribution of precipitation days, cumulative precipitation, and intense rainfall in Tibet. The results show that Medog is the precipitation center of Tibet, with the most precipitation days and the largest accumulated precipitation, and it is also the area with the highest probability of extreme intense precipitation. The precipitation in Medog is mainly concentrated from March to October, and the precipitation presents a dualpeak pattern, with peaks appearing in June and September, respectively. The precipitation in September has a high correlation with the annual precipitation. The rainstorms occur most frequently in Medog in May, August, and September. The number of rainstorm days increases sharply in May, which was equivalent to the number of rainstorm days in August and September. The dry and wet seasons of Medog are distinct, and there occur night rains frequently. The probability of rainfall from 03:00 to 07:00 presents 50% or above. Medog is located at the southernmost tip of Tibet, with the altitude rising from the lowest 115 meters to 1200 meters. The humid air currents from the Indian Ocean drive along the Yarlung Zangbo Valley. The uplift of the terrain makes the precipitation in Medog comparable to that of coastal cities at the same latitude in China.

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旺杰,德慶央宗,旦增,汪英,德吉白瑪,陳宮燕,田云杰.2012—2018西藏“雨窩”降水特征及其成因分析[J].氣象科技,2021,49(2):211~217

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  • 收稿日期:2020-04-04
  • 定稿日期:2020-10-13
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  • 在線發布日期: 2021-04-25
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