江蘇北部龍卷雷達組網探測策略
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國家重點研發計劃(2018YFC1506100、2018YFC1506102)、江蘇省氣象局科研基金項目(KZ201905、KQ201914)和泰州市社會發展項目(TS201814)共同資助


Observation Strategy of Tornado Radar Network in Northern Jiangsu
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    摘要:

    為了探測、分析和研究尺度小、生命史短、致災重的龍卷等強對流天氣三維精細化垂直結構及演變規律,江蘇正在龍卷易發區蘇北平原建設高時空分辨率的雙偏振雷達網。本文為支撐蘇北龍卷雷達網建設,從龍卷雷達組網的必要性出發,重點分析蘇北龍卷雷達組網策略。研究表明:①蘇北龍卷雷達網擬采用大天線、全固態、高性能技術指標的X波段雙偏振雷達組網,采用不同的觀測模式,可獲得空間一致性好、時空分辨率高且豐富的探測數據,滿足龍卷等強對流天氣的快速、精細化探測要求。此外,采用較高的脈沖重復頻率等擴展測速范圍,解決X波段雷達速度模糊問題。②經理論計算與比較,蘇北龍卷雷達網可采用正三角形組網拓撲結構,取累計空間密度值90%,雷達間距為60 km時,波束直徑bs特征值為282.0 m,最低波束高度bh特征值為52.6 m,探測靈敏度Zmin特征值為2.7 dB;X波段雷達組網與S波段業務雷達相比,在60 km探測距離處,其波束直徑減小了約2倍,0°仰角盲區高度降低了約1.5倍,探測靈敏度降低了2.4 dB。即在方位分辨率、探測盲區、弱回波探測能力、數據空間一致性等方面均得到提升,可提供更多低于1 km、甚至百米的高時空分辨率的雷達資料,便于捕捉龍卷等強對流天氣。③蘇北龍卷雷達網在鹽都、阜寧、大豐、寶應、興化(龍卷易發區),各布設一部固定式X波段全固態雙偏振多普勒天氣雷達。綜合考慮在蘇北平原雷達選址的各種因素,最終雷達網基本單元擬采用近似正三角形(N=3,L=45~65 km)的拓撲結構。5部高時空分辨率的龍卷探測雷達組成3個近似正三角形的單元,鑲嵌在S波段雷達業務網內(鹽城、淮安、泰州雷達中間)。后續可進一步增加雷達數量及拓寬觀測區域,例如在高郵等龍卷易發地區,可增補X波段天氣雷達或C波段相控陣天氣雷達。

    Abstract:

    In order to detect and analyze the threedimensional fine structure and evolution law of severe convective weather such as tornado with a small scale, short life cycle and heavy disaster, Jiangsu is building a highresolution dual polarization weather radar network in the North Jiangsu Plain, where tornadoes occur freguently. This paper focuses on the networking strategy of the tornado radar network in the northern Jiangsu to support the construction of the tornado radar network. The study shows: (1) The tornado radar network in the northern Jiangsu adopts the Xband weather radar (dual polarization) network with large antenna, all solid state and high performance, and high performance indexes, which can not only realize longdistance detection, but also obtain data products with a great deal of high spatial consistency and high spatialtemporal resolution data, to a large extent meeting the requirements of fast and fine detection 〖JP2〗for tornadoes and other severe convection weather. In addition, in order to overcome the problem of velocity ambiguity for Xband weather radar, a higher pulse repetition frequency can be used to 〖JP2〗expand the speed measurement range. (2) In the North Jiangsu tornado radar network, a triangle (〖WTBX〗N〖WTBZ〗 = 3,〖JP〗〖WTBX〗 L〖WTBZ〗 = 60 km) network topology is used for theoretical calculation. When the cumulative spatial density value is 90%, the performance indicators are: beam size 〖WTBX〗b〖WTBZ〗s is 282.0 m, the minimum beam height 〖WTBX〗b〖WTBZ〗h is 52.6 m, and the detection sensitivity 〖WTBX〗Z〖WTBZ〗min is 2.7 dB. Compared with the single Sband operational radar, the beam size of Xband network radar in the northern Jiangsu has reduced by about 2 times, the minimum beam height by about 1.5 times, and the detection sensitivity by about 2.4 dB. That is to say, the azimuth resolution, detection blind area, weak echo detection ability, and data spatial consistency have been greatly improved, which can provide more radar data with a high spatial resolution, less than 1 km or even 100 m, high weak echo detection capability, and high spatial consistency. All that is convenient for monitoring, forecasting, and early warning of severe convective weather such as tornadoes. (3) Five Xband allsolidstate dual polarization Doppler weather radar sets are respectively equipped in Yandu, Funing, Dafeng, Baoying, and Xinghua (tornadoprone areas), which forms the tornado radar network in the northern Jiangsu. Considering the various factors of radar location selection in the North Jiangsu Plain, the basic unit of the final network adopts the topology structure of approximate triangle (〖WTBX〗N〖WTBZ〗=3, 〖WTBX〗L〖WTBZ〗=45-65 km). The high spatialtemporal resolution tornado detection radar network is composed of three basic networking units, which is similar to a trapezoid structure, embedded in the Sband radar service network (equipped in Yancheng, Huai’an, Taizhou, respectively). In the future, the number of radar sets can further increase and the observation area can be widened. Xband weather radar or Cband phased array weather radar can be added in the tornado prone areas such as Gaoyou.

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劉俊,周紅根,劉新安,史朝,費啟瓅.江蘇北部龍卷雷達組網探測策略[J].氣象科技,2021,49(2):157~165

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  • 收稿日期:2020-04-17
  • 定稿日期:2020-09-08
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  • 在線發布日期: 2021-04-25
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