一次致災超級單體雹暴過程數值模擬和發展機制分析
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Numerical Modeling of a Disastrous Supercell Hailstorm and Analysis on Its Developing Mechanism
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    摘要:

    利用高分辨率中尺度數值模式WRF,模擬了2019年3月21日發生在浙江省的一次大范圍致災超級單體雹暴過程,結合多普勒雷達探測產品,分析了風暴的雷達回波結構、流場結構、各類水成物等特征及其演變,并探究冰雹形成的物理機制。結果表明:此次雹暴過程是在高空急流軸右側和低層切變線相重疊的區域發生和發展的,強垂直風切變有利于雹暴的維持和發展。實況超級單體雹暴在雷達回波上呈現出鉤狀回波、持久深厚的中氣旋、典型的高懸強回波、有界弱回波區和三體散射現象。模擬試驗成功地模擬出了雹暴云團的水平演變和垂直結構特征。合適的0 ℃和-20 ℃高度以及-20~0 ℃層厚度有利于雹粒的增長。雹粒子主要由云水、過冷雨水和雪粒子轉化形成,再通過碰并過冷云水、冰晶、雪粒子而不斷增長。

    Abstract:

    A widerange disastrous supercell hailstorm occurred in Zhejiang Province on 21 March 2019 is simulated by using the highresolution mesoscale WRF model. Combined with Doppler radar detection products, the characteristics of radar echo structure, flow field structure, hydrometeors and their evolutions are analyzed, and the physical mechanism of hail formation is explored. The results show that the hailstorm occurred and developed in the area where the right side of the highlevel jet axis overlapped with the lowlevel shear line. Strong vertical wind shear contributes to its maintenance and development. The supercell hailstorm exhibits typical characteristics of hook echo, longlasting deep mesocyclone, strong hanging echo, bounded weak echo area, and strong threebody scattering on radar echoes. The simulation experiment successfully simulated the horizontal evolution and vertical structure of the hailstorm clouds. Suitable layer heights of 0 ℃ and -20 ℃, as well as an appropriate thickness of the 0 ℃ to -20 ℃ layer, are conducive to the growth of hail particles. Hail particles are mainly transformed from cloud water, supercooled rain water and snow particles and then continue to grow by collisioncoalescing with supercooled cloud water, ice crystals and snow particles.

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吳福浪,楊麗敏,蔣迪,陶俞鋒,陳九齡.一次致災超級單體雹暴過程數值模擬和發展機制分析[J].氣象科技,2021,49(1):86~94

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  • 收稿日期:2020-01-01
  • 定稿日期:2020-05-18
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  • 在線發布日期: 2021-03-04
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