The DSG5 precipitation weather phenomenon instruments have been installed in a large number of domestic stations, and a great deal of valuable data have been observed and recorded. This paper analyzes the data structure, content and application of the DSG5 precipitation weather phenomenon instrument data through a precipitation weather process. The analysis finds that the precipitation start time judged by the DSG5 precipitation weather phenomenon instrument is later than the actual, and the end time of precipitation is earlier than the actual, and some weak precipitation cannot be judged; the raindrop spectrum data can reveal the fine structure and evolution characteristics of the precipitation process, deepen the understanding of the precipitation process, and help to accurately and intuitively deal with the problem of the mismatch between precipitation and weather phenomena in automatic meteorological observations. From the raindrop spectrum data, there are many small raindrops with a diameter of about 0.3 mm in the precipitation process, but the raindrops with a diameter of more than 1 mm have the larger impact on precipitation intensity. With the increase of raindrops with a diameter of more than 1 mm, the ground precipitation increases significantly.