基于毫米波雷達的一次海霧過程特征分析
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寧波市科技計劃社發項目(2015C50060)、浙江省氣象局青年項目(2017QN14和2017QN15)和中國氣象局大氣探測重點開放實驗室項目(201812)共同資助


Analysis of a Sea Fog Process Based on Millimeter Wave Radar
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    摘要:

    基于33.44 GHz毫米波雷達探測數據,結合天氣形勢分析和沿海自動站對比觀測,對2018年3月27日夜間至28日上午寧波沿海一次海霧過程進行分析,以期了解海霧分布和變化特征。結果表明:這是一次以輻射霧為主的海霧過程,850 hPa以下水汽充沛、低層逆溫和地面高壓都為海霧提供了有利條件;海霧自低層向高層發展加強,回波最大高度約230 m,風向輻合和靜風區有利于海霧的加強和維持,海霧減弱消散自上而下,消失時間較陸地滯后超3 h;霧頂回波高度和海霧回波強度均有雙峰型變化特征,除生消階段外兩者減弱時段和成因不同;除生成階段較均勻外,海霧回波水平方向上呈團狀不均勻分布,低層強度總體要強于高層;相比能見度站,毫米波雷達能更有效探測海霧的生消變化和垂直結構等特征,但由于反射率因子非常小,部分區域無法探測到海霧回波。

    Abstract:

    Based on the data of 33.44 GHz millimeter wave radar detection, combined with weather situation and automatic stations nearby, a sea fog from the night of 27 March to the morning of 28 March 2018 in the Ningbo coast is analyzed. The results show that it was mainly a radiation fog process, having abundant water vapor below 850 hPa, inversion temperature and high ground pressure, which provided favorable conditions for it. The sea fog developed from lower to upper with a maximum echo height of about 230 m and disappeared from top to bottom, and there was a wind convergence and calm zone being beneficial to the sea fog. The disappearance of the sea fog was more than 3 hours later than that on the land. The echo height and intensity both had a trend of double peaks, except for the generation and disappearance stages, and the occurrence time and causes were different. In addition to the generation stage, the reflectivity was inhomogeneous in the horizontal direction, and the lowlevel reflectivity was generally stronger than that of the higher layer. Compared with visibility stations, millimeter wave radar can detect the variation and vertical structure of sea fog more effectively; however, due to the small reflectance, sea fogs could not be detected in some areas.

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張晶晶,吳福浪,俞科愛,駱亞敏,胡利軍.基于毫米波雷達的一次海霧過程特征分析[J].氣象科技,2020,48(3):406~414

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  • 收稿日期:2019-05-05
  • 定稿日期:2019-09-30
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  • 在線發布日期: 2020-06-18
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