基于自動氣象站和風廓線雷達資料的大理機場風切變分析與應用
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Analysis and Application of Wind Shear at Dali Airport Using AWS and Wind Profiler Radar Data
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    摘要:

    根據2016—2017年大理機場航空器報告的風切變事件,利用同時段的自動氣象觀測資料、風廓線雷達資料對大理機場風切變進行了統計和分析。結果表明:①風切變均發生在每年的11月至次年4月,1月、2月最多;主要發生于07:00—13:00,一半出現在晴天;發生在350 m以下占83%。②100 m以下的風切變,地面均有陣性風,最大最小風速差>6 m/s;發生在15~91 m的6次風切變,5次報告風切變的一端風向變化超過180°,南北兩端地面風出現對頭風,風速差異明顯。AWOS(Automated Weather Observation System)捕捉到風向風速的明顯變化可為近地層風切變預警提供參考。③發生在高度較高的風切變,雷達資料在遭遇風切變高度的上下層存在≥8 m/s風速差,能確定上下層風不連續的準確高度、開始時間和結束時間。④機場區域常出現地面風速大而上空風速小或地面風速小而上空風速大的情況,結合地面風和風廓線雷達資料可為今后低高度風切變的初步預警提供參考。

    Abstract:

    According to the wind shear events reported by aircrafts at Dali Airport in 2016 and 2017, the wind shear at Dali Airport is analyzed by using the automatic meteorological observation data and wind profiler radar data in relevant periods. The results show that: (1) Wind shear occurs from November to April of the next year, mostly in January and February, mainly in 07:00 to 13:00, half in sunny days, and 83% below 350 m. (2) The wind shear below 100 m has gust winds on the ground, and the maximumminimum difference of wind speeds is more than 6 m/s. Six wind shear events occurred in the range of 15 to 91 m. The wind direction at one end of the five wind shear reports varied by more than 180 degrees. The ground winds at the north and south ends had opposite winds, and the difference of wind speeds was obvious. AWOS (Automated Weather Observation System) captured significant changes in wind direction and velocity, which can provide reference for early warning of nearsurface wind shear. (3) When a wind shear occurs at a high altitude, there is a difference of wind speeds (>8 m/s) between the upper and lower layers of radar data, which can determine the exact height, start time and end time of discontinuous upper and lowerlayer winds. (4) The airport area is often under the situation of large ground wind speed and small upper air wind speed or small ground wind and large upper air wind speed, so the combination of ground wind and wind profiler radar data can provide reference for the preliminary early warning of low altitude wind shear in the future.

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趙建偉,畢波,王周鶴,高兵.基于自動氣象站和風廓線雷達資料的大理機場風切變分析與應用[J].氣象科技,2019,47(6):1014~1020

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  • 收稿日期:2018-12-27
  • 定稿日期:2019-08-16
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  • 在線發布日期: 2019-12-16
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