滇中一次局地大暴雨雷達特征分析
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國家自然科學基金項目“云南強降水天氣特征分析及機理研究(41565004)”和“西行臺風影響下云南強降水天氣過程的機理研究(41805037)”共同資助


Radar Characteristics of a Rainstorm in Central Yunnan Province
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    摘要:

    利用常規觀測、加密自動站、NCEP 1°×1°每6 h再分析資料和多普勒雷達等資料,對2017年6月20日發生在滇中的局地大暴雨進行分析。結果表明:低層700 hPa切變線和地面輻合線是產生局地大暴雨的主要天氣系統;局地大暴雨發生在低層輻合、中高層輻散的弱對流環境中,低層局地強水汽輻合為本次大暴雨提供了水汽條件;局地大暴雨發生在對流云團邊緣TBB 梯度最大的位置,暴雨發生前6 h地面露點溫度上升明顯,同時對流有效位能CAPE也出現顯著增加。本次強降雨過程先后出現兩輪降雨高峰,第1輪強降雨持續時間長,雨強大,主要為強降水超級單體和中氣旋造成;第2輪強降雨持續時間較短,雨強較弱,主要為多個對流風暴引發。兩輪強降雨多普勒雷達圖上為低質心結構,徑向速度有逆風區形成,逆風區的出現比暴雨提前約1 h,降水強度隨著逆風區的消失而減弱。局地大暴雨發生地呈“喇叭口”地形,強降雨點位于山谷且三面環山,進入“喇叭口”山谷內的對流風暴在地面氣旋和地形作用下穩定少動,是導致本次局地大暴雨的重要原因。

    Abstract:

    By using the conventional observation data, intensive automatic station data, and the data of NCEP (1°×1°, 4 times per day) and Doppler radar, a local heavy rain occurred in the central Yunnan on 20 June 2017 is analyzed. The results show that the 700 hPa shear line and the ground convergence line were the main weather systems that produced the local torrential rain. The local torrential rain occurred in the weak convection environment where there were lowlevel converges and the middle and upperlevel diverges, and the strong local water vapor convergence in the lower level provided water vapor conditions for the heavy rain. The local torrential rain occurred in the area with the maximum TBB gradient at the edge of the convective cloud cluster. The surface dewpoint temperature increased significantly 6 hours before the storm happens and CAPE also increased significantly. During the heavy rainfall process, there were two rainfall peaks: the first lasted for a long period and mainly caused by the heavy precipitation supercell and mesocyclone; the second lasted for a short period and was weak, mainly caused by multiple convective storms. The Doppler radar charts of the two stages shows the lowcentroid structure, and there was radial velocity formed in the upwind zone, which was about 1 hour ahead of the storm. The precipitation intensity decreased with the disappearance of the upwind zone. The local heavy rain occurred in a terrain, and the heavy rainfall occurred in a valley surrounded by mountains on three sides. The stable and less movement of the convective storm in a bellshaped valley was an important reason for the local torrential rain.

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金少華,朱莉,周泓,陸雯茜,艾永智,鄒陽.滇中一次局地大暴雨雷達特征分析[J].氣象科技,2019,47(6):986~996

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  • 收稿日期:2018-11-30
  • 定稿日期:2019-05-24
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  • 在線發布日期: 2019-12-16
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