浙中一次多風暴類型強對流天氣成因及多普勒雷達特征
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國家自然科學基金項目(41174165)、浙江省預報員專項(2017YBY11)、金華市氣象局課題(201701)共同資助


Doppler Radar Characteristics of a Multistorm Severe Convective Weather Event in Middle Zhejiang Province
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    摘要:

    利用常規資料、區域自動站加密資料、探空資料、GFS 0.25°×0.25°逐6 h的分析場數據和SB多普勒天氣雷達資料對2018年5月18日發生在浙中地區的一次強對流天氣過程進行分析。結果表明:此次過程產生了脈沖風暴、中等到強多單體風暴和颮線這3種風暴類型,分別出現冰雹、大范圍強降水和雷雨大風等強天氣。3種風暴的雷達回波在回波形態、強度、垂直結構、平均徑向速度、垂直累積液態水含量VIL等特征如下:①脈沖風暴呈塊狀,初始回波高度在6~9 km,強回波所在高度在-10 ℃等溫線附近,強回波值達60 dBz以上,VIL值出現躍升且最大值在50 kg〖DK〗·m-2以上,冰雹出現在反射率因子核和VIL值迅速下降之后;②中等到強多單體風暴呈帶狀,大降水效率和“列車效應”是發生大范圍強降水的主要原因,雷雨大風天氣則與反射率因子核迅速下降、MARC、低層強輻散區有關;③颮線呈弓形回波形態,移速快,引起了大范圍的雷雨大風天氣。此次過程影響系統多,天氣復雜,存在較大預報難點,在短時臨近預報技術研究上有重要借鑒意義。

    Abstract:

    A severe convection process on 18 May 2018 is studied by the conventional observation data, GFS analysis field data with the spatial resolution of 0.25°×0.25° and temporal resolution of 6 hours, automatic weather station data, and SB Doppler radar data in the middle part of Zhejiang Province. It is demonstrated that this process triggered three types of storms: pulse storm, multicell storms and squall line. These storms were accompanied by the hail shortterm heavy rain, thunderstorm and gale, respectively. The corresponding characteristics of the radar echoes of three storms are as follows: (1) The radar echoes of the pulse storm were in lumpy pieces. The initial height was 6 to 9 km and the heights of strong echoes were around the isotherm of -10 ℃. The strong intensity was up to 60 dBz. The VIL value increased rapidly and the maximum value was 50 kg·m-2. The small hail and gale appeared after the rapid decrease of reflectivity and VIL. (2) The mediumtostrong multicell storms were in a beltlike distribution. The train effect and high precipitation efficiency were responsible for the wide range heavy precipitation. The gale was in relation to MARC (MidAltitude Radial Convergence) of the velocity product and strong convergence. (3) The squall line appeared to be a bow echo. It moved with high speed and caused the extreme gale and thunderstorm. This multistorm severe convective process is of important significance for shortterm weather forecasting in the future.

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方桃妮,張小泉,葉妍婷,傅帥.浙中一次多風暴類型強對流天氣成因及多普勒雷達特征[J].氣象科技,2019,47(5):851~858

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  • 收稿日期:2018-09-22
  • 定稿日期:2019-04-10
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  • 在線發布日期: 2019-10-27
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