浙江中西部兩次梅雨暴雨過程發生發展機理分析
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An Analysis of Trigger and Enhance Mechanisms of Two Typical MeiyuFront Heavy Rains in Midwest Zhejiang Province
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    摘要:

    利用常規觀測資料、NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析資料和自動站加密資料,對2017年梅汛期6月21—22日和24—25日兩次大暴雨過程進行對比分析,得到兩次過程均為典型的梅雨暴雨,不同點如下:①前者700 hPa為暖式切變線,梅雨鋒坡度約為45°;后者700 hPa為靜止鋒切變線,梅雨鋒坡度近乎90°,且后者低空急流和梅雨鋒強度均明顯強于前者。②前者水汽先來源于東海,后來源于南海,水汽來源單一;而后者水汽由南海和東海共同提供,整層水汽通量強度較強。③前者浙江中西部位于濕位渦零等值線附近,表明觸發機制為低層冷空氣活動;而后者浙江中西部濕位渦上正下負,中層冷空氣疊加在低空西南暖濕氣流上觸發對流不穩定暴雨。④后者浙江中西部為E指數大值中心,且Δθ58指數均為負值,表明夏季風高能高濕氣團積聚,有利于中小尺度對流系統發展;而前者Δθ58指數在浙江省大部分地區為正值,區域內上空位勢層結較穩定。

    Abstract:

    Based on the conventional observed data, NCEP/NCAR 1°×1° reanalysis data and the intensive observed data of automatic weather stations, two typical torrential rain processes during the Meiyu period of 21 to 22 and 24 to 25 June 2017 are compared. The differences are as follows: (1) The former at lower levels was a warm shear line, and the latter was a stationary front shear line. The slope of the former was about 45°, and that of the latter was nearly 90°. On the other hand, the low level jet of the latter was stronger than that of the former. (2) The water vapor of the former came from the East China Sea and then the South China Sea; that of the latter came from both South China Sea and East China Sea, which had stronger vertically integrated moisture transport. (3) The former was located near the zero isoline of moist potential vorticity in Midwest Zhejiang Province, which means that the former was triggered by the cold air activities at lower levels. The latter was caused by the middlelevel cold air overlying warmwet air transported by the southwest lower jet stream, which had a positive (negative) value at upper (lower) levels. (4) The latter had a high E index center and negative Δθ58 in Midwest Zhejiang Province, where summermonsoon highhumidity and highenergy masses accumulated in this area, and smallscale convective systems frequently developed. However, the former had positive values of Δθ58 in most parts of Zhejiang Province, over which the potential stratification was relatively stable.

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鄭朝霞,劉學華,方桃妮,周梅.浙江中西部兩次梅雨暴雨過程發生發展機理分析[J].氣象科技,2019,47(3):469~475

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  • 收稿日期:2018-06-14
  • 定稿日期:2018-08-14
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  • 在線發布日期: 2019-06-25
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