This paper analyzes the power supply and consumption of a CAWS600 model regional automatic weather station in Tianjin. Using the normalized processing of the battery discharge characteristic curve, the residual capacity estimation method for the 12V38AH leadacid battery is obtained. At the same time, using the statistical characteristics of working voltage of the battery in the station, the method of extreme value judgment and time/space consistency quality control for the working voltage of the battery is proposed, and tested in the method with the observation data of 10 minutes in 2017. The test results show that the quality control method proposed in the article can effectively identify the abnormal battery site, and the positions of the abnormal batteries in the stations in 2017 can be determined 10 days in advance.