一次回流型降雪過程的成因和相態判據分析
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國家自然科學基金(41575049)、天津市應用基礎與前沿技術研究計劃(青年項目)資助(15JCQNJC07600)、天津市氣象局科研項目(2018041xxm01)資助


Causes and Phase Criteria of a ReturnFlow Snowfall
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    摘要:

    利用常規高空和地面觀測資料、天津鐵塔和雷達資料、全球資料同化系統(GDAS)分析資料、雷達變分同化分析系統資料、EC和NCEP再分析資料對2016年11月20—21日天津初雪天氣進行成因分析,結果表明:本次過程是在高空槽和回流冷空氣共同作用下產生的,主要水汽來源為對流層中低層槽前西南暖濕氣流和回流東風,回流東風經渤海低空運行時吸收水汽由“干冷”變為“濕冷”;動力條件主要來自回流冷墊的動力抬升作用,降水期間回流東風層厚度由1.5 km增加至2 km;鋒面上的非地轉次級環流可將回流東風水汽向上輸送成為降水原料,同時可加強其上暖濕空氣的垂直上升運動;高空云水粒子向云冰粒子的轉換和邊界層回流冷空氣加強對本次雨雪相態轉換是不可或缺的,回流冷空氣北風分量風速和厚度陡增、800~950 hPa出現均溫層、云冰粒子陡增并向低空延伸、700~850 hPa與850~1000 hPa厚度的變化特征對雨雪相態的判別均有較好的指示作用。

    Abstract:

    Based on the conventional meteorological data, observation data of the Tianjin Observation Tower, radar data, VDRAS data (Variation Doppler Radar Analysis System), and NCEP reanalysis data (ECWMF and National Centre of Environmental Prediction), the causes of the first snow weather process on 20 and 21 November 2016 in Tianjin are analyzed. The results show: the mixed rainsnow storm was produced in the interaction of the upper trough and returnflow cold air; the main sources of water vapor were the southwest warm and humid airflow in front of the trough in the middle and lower troposphere and the returning east winds. The returning east wind absorbed moisture when it passed through the low surface of the Bohai Sea and became wet and cold; the dynamic condition was mainly from the dynamic lifting of the cold return flow, the thickness of the returning easterly increased from 1.5 km to 2 km during precipitation. The nongeostrophic secondary circulation transported the returning water vapor upwards into a source for precipitation, and strengthened the vertical ascending motion of the warm and humid air to provide dynamic conditions. The north wind component wind speed and thickness of the cold air increased sharply. Simultaneously, the conversion of highaltitude cloud water particles to cloud ice particles and the reflow of cold air at the boundary layer were indispensable for the transformation from rain to snow, and the uniform temperature layer and cloud ice particles of 800 to 950 hPa increased greatly and extended to low altitudes. The variation characteristics of the potential thickness of 700 to 850 and 850 to 1000 hPa had good indication value for the discrimination of rain and snow phases.

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楊曉君,張楠,陳宏,韓婷婷.一次回流型降雪過程的成因和相態判據分析[J].氣象科技,2019,47(1):98~105

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  • 收稿日期:2017-09-21
  • 定稿日期:2018-09-30
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  • 在線發布日期: 2019-02-27
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