山東兩次強對流天氣雷達特征及環境場對比
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國家自然科學基金項目(41775044和41675046)、中國氣象局核心業務發展專項(YBGJXM201702)、中國氣象局預報員專項(CMAYBY2016041)、山東省氣象局課題(2014sdqxm14和sdyby201710)資助


Comparative Analysis of Radar Features and Environmental Backgrounds of Two Severe Convective Weather Events in Shandong
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    摘要:

    利用常規地面和高空觀測資料、加密自動站資料和多普勒雷達資料,對2016年6月山東兩次強對流天氣的雷達特征、環境條件等進行了對比分析,結果表明: 6月14日強對流天氣主要是橫槽轉豎引導冷空氣南下引起,6月30日強對流天氣發生在高空槽前、山東高低層受一致西南氣流影響的環流形勢下,地面輻合線是兩次過程的觸發機制。6月14日垂直風切變和風暴承載層平均風均比30日大很多,致使14日的超級單體風暴持續時間更長、強度更強。風暴相對螺旋度的大小對強對流天氣強弱程度有指示意義。兩次過程都在地面輻合線附近生成,都具有中氣旋、高懸的強回波、有界弱回波區、回波懸垂、風暴頂輻散等雷達特征,不同的是14日具有倒V形缺口、中層徑向輻合、冰雹散射和鉤狀回波等特征,30日具有窄帶回波、徑向速度大值區等特征。兩次過程都出現了弱旋轉對應地面都帶來小冰雹天氣,這在預報業務中值得注意。兩次降雹與風暴單體高度及強度、垂直累積液態水含量及密度、中氣旋厚度、最大切變和持續時間密切相關。

    Abstract:

    By using the routine observation, automatic station and radar echo data, the environmental conditions and echo characteristics of two strong convective weather events in Shandong in June 2016 are analyzed. The results show: The storm on 14 June occurred under the circulation of cold air guided by a transversal trough and that on 30 June appeared under the circulation of the southwest air before the upperlevel trough. The ground mesoscale convergence zones were the trigger mechanism. The average wind speed of the vertical wind shear and storm bearing layer on 14 June was greater than that of 30 June, leading to the obvious strengthening of the storm and the longer duration of the supercell. The magnitude of SRH (Storm Relative Helicity) had a good indication for the strengthening of strong convective weather. Both processes formed near the ground convergence line and had mesocyclones, hanging strong echoes, BWER (Bounded Weak Echo Region), echo pendency, and storm top divergence. The differences were that there was an inverted Vshaped gap, middlelevel radial convergence, TBSS (ThreeBody Scattering Spike) and hook echoes on 14 June; narrow band echoes and the larger area of radial velocity on 30 June. Small hails occurred in two processes caused by weak rotation, which is worth noting in forecasting. Two hail processes are related with the maximum reflectivity, cell top, VIL, and density of the storm, as well as the thickness, maximum shear, and duration of the mesocyclone.

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高曉梅,馬守強,王世杰,彭瀟,魏濤.山東兩次強對流天氣雷達特征及環境場對比[J].氣象科技,2018,46(6):1188~1200

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  • 收稿日期:2017-09-19
  • 定稿日期:2018-08-24
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  • 在線發布日期: 2018-12-27
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