In order to meet the precise needs of the lightning disaster risk decisionmaking and lift the limits of the administrative region for the social and economic data such as population and GDP, the refined spatial distribution of population and GDP in Guizhou Province is analyzed, which is based on the multisource remote sensing data and the statistical yearbooks, so as to achieve the continuous spatial distribution of the victims. The lightning disaster risk assessment model is constructed, and the evaluation factors are selected from the three aspects of disaster factors, disaster environment, and disaster bearing body, combining with lightning location monitoring data, HWSD (Harmonized World Soil Database) data and geographic information data. The results show: (1) The spatial distribution of population and GDP data is gained by modifying the habitat index by integrating slope distribution and retrieving various industrial economic data by integrating land use data and DMSP/OLS night light data. The overall trend and local characteristics are in agreement with the actual situation in Guizhou Province, which can provide a reference for the fine distribution of hazard bodies in the risk assessment of lightning disasters and other natural disasters. (2) The risk of lightning disasters is mainly affected by hazard factors and hazard bearing bodies, which is related to the frequency of lightning activities and the level of social and economic development. The high risk areas in Guizhou Province are mainly in Liupanshui, southeastern Bijie, northeastern Qianxinan, southern and northern Anshun, southeastern Guiyang, southwestern and northeastern Qiannan, northwestern Zunyi, central and southeastern Tongren.