江淮地區不同相態降水日數變化特征
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安徽省氣象局預報員專項(kY201607)、安徽省科技發展基金項目(KM201603)資助


Variation Characteristics of Precipitation Days with Different Phases in YangtzeHuaihe Region
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    摘要:

    基于1960—2013年106個地面氣象站觀測數據,對江淮地區雨、雪、雨夾雪及凍雨4種相態降水日數氣候特征、月際分布、年際變化、長期趨勢以及各相態降水日數與緯度、海拔高度之間關系等方面進行探討,結果表明:江淮地區全年降雨日數為各相態降水日數之最多,空間分布上呈南多北少的分布特點,雪日數空間分布與雨日數相反,為北多南少;雨夾雪和凍雨日數主要表現為緯向差異,東部沿海少于西部內陸;在近54a中,各相態降水日數區域平均值均呈減少趨勢,其中雨、雪、雨夾雪減少趨勢顯著;從各站點降水日數變化趨勢的空間分布看,雖然各相態降水日數普遍以減少趨勢為主,但凍雨顯著減少的站點最少;除降雨主要出現在3—8月,其他相態的降水出現較多的時段為11月至翌年3月;4種相態降水日數中,降雪和凍雨日數與海拔高度關系最為密切,呈顯著正相關,其次為雨夾雪。

    Abstract:

    Based on the observation data of 106 ground weather stations during 1960-2013, the climate characteristics, intermonthly distributions, interannual variations, and longterm trends of precipitation days with five phases such as rain, snow, sleet and freezing rain are analyzed in the YangtzeHuaihe region. Then relationship between annual precipitation days of each phase and altitude is discussed. The results show that precipitation days over the YangtzeHuaihe region are the most among variphase precipitation days, which represents a spatial distribution of more in south and less in north. Contrary to the rain days, the snow days present more in north and less in south, while the sleet days presents zonal differences that precipitation days in the eastern coastal are less than those in the western inland. In the recent 54 years, the regional averaged precipitation days of each phase showed decreasing trends, in which the phases of rain, snow and sleet are significant. Looking at the spatial distribution of variation trend for each station, although the trends of precipitation days in every phase decreased, the station numbers of freezing rain reduced significantly are the least. Rains occurred mainly in March to August, while others occurred from November to the next March. In addition, the precipitation days of snow and freezing rain are most closely related to altitude positively, and the next is sleet.

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王傳輝,姚葉青,李剛,李進.江淮地區不同相態降水日數變化特征[J].氣象科技,2018,46(4):753~759

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  • 收稿日期:2017-08-18
  • 定稿日期:2018-01-10
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  • 在線發布日期: 2018-08-30
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