幾種碘化銀焰劑成冰性能檢測
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國家自然科學基金項目(41275149,41075099)和公益性行業(氣象)科研專項(GYHY201106031,GYHY201306041)共同資助


Examination and Analysis of Ice Nucleating Propertiesof Several AgI Pyrotechnic Nucleants
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    摘要:

    碘化銀焰劑是人工影響天氣作業中重要的冷云催化劑,目前國內使用的碘化銀焰劑有多種配方,有必要對它們的成冰性能進行統一評估。本研究采用1 m3等溫云室,對我國人影作業中使用的7種碘化銀焰劑(編號為1~7號)進行了統一檢測。結果表明:7種焰劑成核率的量級按每克催化劑計算在1010~1013g-1(-8~-18 ℃)之間,用指數函數擬合能較好地反映成核率隨溫度的變化;在低溫段(≤-16 ℃),各焰劑成核率較高,不同焰劑之間的成核率差異相對于高溫段(>-16 ℃)要?。辉诟邷囟?,3、4、7號焰劑也具有較高的成核率,成冰性能要好于其他焰劑;7種焰劑的核化速率不同,-8 ℃時90%的冰核完成核化的時間在78~18 min之間,推斷該溫度下的成核機制以接觸核化等慢過程為主。

    Abstract:

    AgI pyrotechnic nucleants are important seeding agents used in cold cloud seeding operation of weather modification. Currently, several kinds of AgI pyrotechnic nucleants are being used in weather modification operation in China, and their differences in ice nucleating properties need to be evaluated through the uniform test method. In this study, seven kinds of AgI pyrotechnic nucleants, numbered from 1 to 7, were tested in an 1m3 isothermal cloud chamber, and their ice nucleating properties including ice nucleation effectiveness and nucleation rate are compared. The results show that the orders of the ice nuclei numbers calculated by the pyrotechnic nucleant per a gram are in the range of 1010(-8 ℃) to 1013(-18 ℃), and the variation of ice nucleation effectiveness versus temperature can be expressed reasonably by the exponential function. In the low temperature section (≤-16 ℃), high ice nucleation effectiveness can be achieved by various AgI pyrotechnic nucleants. The differences in nucleation effectiveness among those AgI pyrotechnic nucleants in low temperature section are smaller than those in high temperature section (>-16 ℃). In the high temperature section, No.3, No.4 and No.7 samples of pyrotechnic nucleants show higher ice nucleation effectiveness than other four pyrotechnic nucleants. The nucleation rates of all pyrotechnic nucleants are also not the same. The time of 90% AgI ice nuclei grown into ice crystals are in the range of 78 to 18 minutes for various pyrotechnic nucleants when the temperature is at-8 ℃, and the slow nucleation processes such as contactfreezing nucleation may be the main nucleation mechanism of AgI ice nuclei produced by all AgI pyrotechnic nucleants at this temperature.

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黨娟,蘇正軍,房文,方春剛.幾種碘化銀焰劑成冰性能檢測[J].氣象科技,2018,46(3):619~624

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  • 收稿日期:2017-05-11
  • 定稿日期:2018-02-06
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  • 在線發布日期: 2018-06-28
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