Meteorological radiation observation data is the foundation of meteorological operations, service and scientific researches, so its quality control is very important. By analyzing the problems from the surface meteorological radiation observation records of Gansu Province in recent years, according to the surface meteorological observation specification requirements and actual work experiences, this paper summarizes the quality control methods of meteorological radiation observation records and abnormal values, aiming to provide a reference for stations in improving the quality of the monthly radiation data file and provide some useful help for the provincial meteorological data quality control, especially for the new staff. The results show that when the instrument is normal, abnormal records need to be judged manually in combination with the meteorological elements at that time, which is the most effective way of meteorological radiation data quality control at the present stage. When the instrument fails, the abnormal records should be considered according to different situations; for example, abnormal values and missing values should be replaced in accordance with the relevant operation regulations. For the problems prone to errors in the records, the observers and quality control personnel are required to improve professional skills, summarize work experiences, and avoid similar problems.