兩次臺風暴雨冷空氣影響對比分析
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國家氣象中心預報員專項課題(Y201704)、國家自然科學基金項目(41405051)資助


Comparative Analysis of TC Rainstorms Induced by Cold Air Intrusion of Two TC Cases
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    摘要:

    利用常規觀測、氣象衛星資料及NCEP分析數據等,對臺風“麥德姆”(1410)和“蘇迪羅”(1513)的冷空氣作用形式及對臺風暴雨的影響進行對比分析。兩個臺風在冷空氣影響下的強降水分布差異顯著:“麥德姆”強降水經向特征明顯;“蘇迪羅”強降水緯向性較強。冷空氣質點運動軌跡顯示,“麥德姆”的冷空氣沿西北路徑入侵,包含西北冷槽和東北冷槽的共同影響;“蘇迪羅”冷空氣沿偏東路徑入侵,冷空氣源為單一的東北地區冷槽系統,強度較弱。在垂直方向上,“麥德姆”低層冷空氣入侵早于高層,“蘇迪羅”則相反。受冷空氣不同作用方式影響,“麥德姆”臺風倒槽明顯,對流層低層冷暖平流較強,鋒生顯著,正渦度和上升運動沿臺風倒槽呈東北—西南向分布;“蘇迪羅”對流層低層冷平流及地面鋒生均較弱,在臺風北側,低層偏東風急流引起較強的正渦度和上升運動,同時中層冷空氣入侵有利于位勢不穩定的增強,導致強降水沿臺風北側的偏東風急流呈東西向分布。

    Abstract:

    Conventional observation, meteorological satellite, and NCEP analysis data are employed to study the interaction patterns between cold air and TC circulation and the effect of cold air on TC precipitation in two TC cases: Matmo and Soudelor. It is shown that there were obvious differences in precipitation distribution features induced by cold air in these two TCs: Matmo showing more meridional pattern; while Soudelor appearing a zonally shape. The trajectories of cold air parcels illustrated that the cold air interacted with Matmo through a northwest path including cold air from both northwest clod trough and Northeast China clod trough. Contradistinctively, the intrusion route of the cold air in Soudelor was from east, and the cold air source was only the cold trough system in Northeast China, so its intensity was much weaker. In vertical direction, the cold air intrusion at low levels was prior to that at middle levels in Matmo, and vice versa for Soudelor. These two TCs were affected by the different interaction forms of cold air. There was a distinct inverted trough at low levels with very strong cold and warmtemperature advection and distinct surface frontogenesis in Matmo, and both the positivevorticity and upward motion were located along the TC inverted trough with a northeastsouthwest distribution. As for Soudelor, with much weaker lowlevel coldadvection and surface frontogenesis, significant positive vorticity and upward motion were triggered by the lowlevel east wind jet in the north of TC circulation. Furthermore, the intensification of potential instability in the north of Soudelor caused by the middle level cold air intrusion finally resulted in the eastwest distribution of heavy rainfall along the easterly jet to the north of TC.

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楊舒楠,陳濤,劉建勇.兩次臺風暴雨冷空氣影響對比分析[J].氣象科技,2018,46(2):324~335

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  • 收稿日期:2017-04-18
  • 定稿日期:2017-09-01
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  • 在線發布日期: 2018-05-02
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