幾種粉末型吸濕性催化劑的試驗研究
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國家自然科學基金項目(41275149,41075099)、公益性行業(氣象)科研專項(GYHY201106031,GYHY201306041)資助


Laboratory Study of Several PowderType Hygroscopic Catalysts
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    摘要:

    在云霧中播撒吸濕性催化劑是進行暖云催化降水或消暖霧的重要手段之一,而尋找高效、適宜的吸濕性催化劑仍然是當前人工影響天氣領域的重要研究目標。本研究對6種具有吸濕性的粉末型稀土鹽催化劑在云室中的消暖霧性能進行了對比試驗。試驗采用一個43 m3的暖云室,在云室中分別進行無催化的空白試驗和6種催化劑的消暖霧催化試驗,并使用FM100霧滴譜儀、透光度儀以及溫濕度儀等儀器對云室中霧的整個發展過程進行全程觀測。通過對比空白試驗與催化試驗的觀測數據,分析了5種吸濕性催化劑在播撒后對暖霧的影響,對它們的消霧效果和催化劑作用機理進行了分析。研究結果表明:6種催化劑中有5種起到了消霧作用,其中氯化鈰、硝酸鑭、碳酸鑭的消霧效果較好,氯化鑭、碳酸鈰次之,硝酸鈰則沒有達到消霧目的;催化劑的引入使霧的含水量、霧滴有效直徑、霧滴譜等微物理特征發生明顯變化,并最終對霧的發展進程造成很大影響,使霧的消散速度加快或延緩。

    Abstract:

    A laboratory experiment was performed in order to dissipate the warm fog by using 6 kinds of hygroscopic catalysts of powdered rareearth salt materials in a 43 m3 warm cloud chamber. The microphysical characteristic data of warm fog, such as number concentration, diameters of fog droplets, and fog droplet spectrum,were continuously detected by a fog monitor (FM100). The fog transmissivity,temperature, and humidity of the cloud chamber were also continuously measured during every experiment process. Eight experiments, including two blank experiments (BE) of fog disperse spontaneously and six seeding experiments (SE) of fog seeding by using rareearth salts catalysts, were executed. The characteristic differences of warm fog in eight experiments are analyzed,and the effect and physical mechanisms of fog dispersal effect of 6 catalysts are studied through comparing measuring data between 2 BE and 6 SE. The experimental results show that 5 kinds of catalysts, including CeCl3, La(NO3)3, La2(CO3)3, LaCl3 and Ce2(CO3)3, can dispel warm fogs in the experiments,but Ce(NO3)3 can not achieve the effect of fog dispersal. There are differences in the effects on fog dispersal among five effective catalysts. The effects of CeCl3, La(NO3)3 and La2(CO3)3 are preferable,and those of LaCl3 and Ce2(CO3)3take second place. The analysis shows that the microphysical characteristics of warm fogs were obviously changed through seeding hygroscopic catalytic agents. The fog dissipation processes were accelerated or postponed because of seeding in 6 SEs.

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黨娟,蘇正軍,房文,方春剛.幾種粉末型吸濕性催化劑的試驗研究[J].氣象科技,2017,45(2):398~404

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歷史
  • 收稿日期:2016-03-28
  • 定稿日期:2016-07-15
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  • 在線發布日期: 2017-05-04
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