多種觀測資料在一次弱降水雷暴大風分析中的綜合應用
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國家自然科學基金(41575049)、氣象關鍵技術集成與應用(重點/面上)項目(CMAGJ2015M03)、中國氣象局預報員專項項目(CMAYBY2013004)、天津市氣象局科研項目(201610ybxm07)資助


Synthetic Applications of MultiData to a Weak Precipitation Thunderstorm Accompanied by Disastrous Winds in Tianjin
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    摘要:

    利用多普勒天氣雷達、寶坻和西青兩部風廓線雷達、天津250 m氣象鐵塔觀測資料,結合NCEP再分析資料、探空資料、地面加密自動站和自動站分鐘資料,對2014年6月8日發生在天津地區的一次弱降水雷暴大風過程進行分析。結果表明:①此次過程屬于西北氣流型雷暴大風,低層強垂直風切變和較大的溫度直減率為雷暴大風的出現提供有利環境條件;②此過程共經歷弓形回波復合體、陣風鋒和單體弓形回波3個階段,雷暴大風的強度與強回波核伸展高度以及下落時間有關,回波核伸展高度越高,下落時間越短,雷暴大風強度越強;③強冷池的快速移動是弓形回波復合體階段雷暴大風的直接原因,冷空氣首先從23 km高度入侵,10 min后地面出現雷暴大風。天津南部具有不穩定能量高值中心,配合地面中尺度輻合線的觸發作用導致單體弓形回波階段雷暴大風;④陣風鋒階段上升與下沉氣流共存,下沉速度峰值的下傳特征較地面雷暴大風的出現提前20 min,2 km以上的對流層中低層為上升運動。

    Abstract:

    Based on the data from the Doppler radar, two wind profilers in Baodi and Xiqing, the tower in Tianjin, as well as NCEP/NCAR 1°×1° reanalysis data, radiosonde data,intensified automatic surface observation data and automatic station minute data, a thunderstorm case in Tianjin on 8 June 2014 is analyzed. The results show: (1) It is a thunderstorm gale case of the northwestern current type, in which the wind vertical shear with a large temperature lapse rate was favorable for the occurrence of disastrous gale. (2) This case experienced three stages: bow echo complex, gust front, and cell bow echo. The intensity of the thunderstorm wind was related to the falling time and the height of the echo core: the higher extension of height, the shorter the falling time, the stronger of the thunderstorm. (3) The rapid movement of a strong cold pool was direct cause of the bow echo complex. The wind profiler data indicate that the intrusion of dry cold air was at 23 km in the bow echo complex, with a 10 minute lead time for wind gust in the surface. The surface mesoscale convergence line matching with surface highly unstable region triggered the thunderstorm at the stage of the cell bow echo. (4) When the gust front approaching, the rising flow was in coexistence with the sinking flow; the sink flow began at the boundary layer below 15 km with the maximum up to 09 m〖DK〗·s-1 at 630 to 750 m. The downward propagation of the sinking velocity peak indicated the emergence of the gust about 20 minute in advance, while the upward was above 2 km in the middle and lower troposphere.

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許長義,易笑園,段麗瑤,徐靈芝.多種觀測資料在一次弱降水雷暴大風分析中的綜合應用[J].氣象科技,2017,45(2):355~363

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  • 收稿日期:2016-03-16
  • 定稿日期:2016-05-04
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  • 在線發布日期: 2017-05-04
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