萊州灣冷流降雪的氣候特征及其成因分析
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國家自然科學基金(41475038;41175044)、中國氣象局氣象關鍵技術集成與應用項目(CMAGJ2015M34)、山東省氣象局課題 (2012sdqxz04;2014sdqxm14;2013sdqxz02;sdyby201501)資助


Climatic Characteristics and Causality of ColdAirflow Snowfall in Laizhou Bay
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    摘要:

    利用2000—2013年萊州灣各氣象站逐日降水資料、常規資料、海溫資料及NCEP/NCAR再分析資料,對萊州灣冷流降雪的氣候特征及成因進行了分析。結果表明:萊州灣降雪強度較小,中雪和大雪主要集中在萊州灣東部地區。降雪持續時間較短,一般在12 h以內。冷流降雪次數呈現東部多西部少的特點,年際變化明顯,存在顯著的6~7 a年際尺度的周期變化。1月是冷流降雪的主要月份,12月下旬至1月上旬是主要旬份。冷流降雪主要時段集中出現在08:00左右。近14年冷流降雪次數與同年份的冷空氣次數存在顯著的正相關。發生冷流降雪時850 hPa及以下各層均有明顯的溫度閾值。萊州灣海溫和海氣溫差過高或過低都不易出現冷流降雪。低于5 ℃為發生冷流降雪的地面2 m溫度閾值,該閾值明顯高于內陸降雪的閾值。冷流降雪發生時,500 hPa以槽后(含渦后)西北氣流為主,700、850 hPa都處在西北氣流控制下,925、1000 hPa為西北風、偏北風或東北風3種形勢。

    Abstract:

    Using daily precipitation data, conventional data, sea surface temperature data, and NCEP/ NCAR reanalysis data from 2000 to 2013, the characteristics and causality of cold airflow snowfall in the Laizhou Bay are analyzed. The results show that the snowfall intensity is small, and the moderate and heavy snow are mainly concentrated in the eastern region of the Laizhou Bay. Duration of snowfall is short within 12 hours. Coldairflow snowfall happens more frequently in the east and less in the west of the Laizhou Bay and their interannual variation are obvious. Marked periodic variation of 6 to 7 years is found. Coldairflow snowfall often occurs in January, especially from the last tenday of December to the first tenday of January and mainly around 08:00 in the morning. There is a positive correlation between the annual cold air activity index and the number of cold airflow snowfall events. There are obvious temperature thresholds at <850 hPa levels during coldairflow snowfall events. Coldairflow snowfall happens less at too high or too low sea surface temperature and airsea temperature difference over the Laizhou Bay, and the ground temperature threshold (at 2 m) is below 5 ℃, which is higher than the inland snowfall threshold. Coldairflow snowfall often happens in the northwest airflow behind a trough (including behind eddy) at 500 hPa and the northwest winds at 700 hPa and 850 hPa, and there exist three circumfluence situations: northwest, north, and northeast winds at 925 hPa and 1000 hPa.

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高曉梅,楊成芳,王世杰,王新紅,閆景鵬,韓曉.萊州灣冷流降雪的氣候特征及其成因分析[J].氣象科技,2017,45(1):131~139

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  • 收稿日期:2016-01-27
  • 定稿日期:2016-06-16
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  • 在線發布日期: 2017-02-28
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