內蒙古東南部降水相態判據的對比分析
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內蒙古自治區氣象局科技創新項目“通遼赤峰大到暴雪天氣分析及預報方法研究”(nmqxkjcx201404)資助


Contrastive Analysis of Precipitation Phase Behavior Criteria in Southeastern Inner Mongolia
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    摘要:

    利用內蒙古東南部通遼、赤峰兩站1992—2012年的地面和探空數據,針對兩地雨、雨夾雪和雪等不同的降水相態進行對比分析,結果表明:通遼站降雨或雨夾雪時850 hPa氣溫特征較為接近,赤峰站降雨夾雪或雪時850 hPa氣溫特征較為接近;通遼站850~700 hPa兩層之間的厚度降雨夾雪或雪時特征相近,赤峰站降雨或雨夾雪時特征相近,在箱線圖中兩層之間的厚度與850 hPa溫度分別對3種相態出現完全相反的疊加。在850、925 hPa氣溫的判別指標中,赤峰較通遼站:降雨時分別高1.5 ℃和1.7 ℃、降雪時分別高2.4 ℃和3.8 ℃。氣溫(T)統計表明:降雨時通遼站氣溫在4.0 ℃以上、赤峰站氣溫在6.0 ℃以上,降雪時兩站均T≤0.0 ℃,兩站氣溫在0.0 ℃<T≤4.0 ℃(通遼站,赤峰站為6.0 ℃)為雨、雨夾雪和雪共同出現的溫度區間。雖然兩站閾值大小有較大差異,但3種降水相態的出現均與中、低層厚度和低層氣溫密切相關,與中層的氣溫關系甚小,說明該地區中、低層厚度和低層氣溫高低決定地面降水相態。

    Abstract:

    Using the ground and sounding data of 21 years in Tongliao and Chifeng stations in the southeastern Inner Mongolia, the precipitation phases such as rain, sleet and snow of two stations are analyzed. As a result, the temperature characteristics at 850 hPa are relatively close when it sleets or snows at Tongliao Station. The temperature characteristics of the 850 hPa are relatively close when rains and sleets in Chifeng Station; the thickness between 850 and 700 hPa is similar when sleets or snows in Tongliao Station and so it is when rains or sleets in Chifeng Station. In the boxplot, the thickness between 850 and 700 hPa and the temperature of 850 hPa exhibits opposite superposition corresponding to three phase. The temperature discrimination indexes of 850 and 925 hPa for Chifeng are higher than those for Tongliao Station: 1.5 ℃ and 1.7 ℃ higher when it rains, and 2.4 ℃ and 3.8 ℃ higher when snows. Temperature statistical results show that the ground temperatures is 4.0 or more in Tongliao and 6.0 ℃ or more in Chifeng Station when it rains, and less than 0.0 ℃ for both stations when snows. The temperature is 0.0 to 4 ℃ in Tongliao (0.0 to 6 ℃ in Chifeng) when it rains, sleets, and snows simultaneously. Although there are large differences between the thresholds of two stations, the three kinds of precipitation phases are closely related to the thickness of the lower layer and the temperature of middle and lower layers, but have little relation to the temperature of the middle layer. It is showed that the thickness of the mid/low layers and the temperature of the lower layer determine ground precipitation.

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徐建國,趙立清,宋玉紅,紀圓明,萬宇.內蒙古東南部降水相態判據的對比分析[J].氣象科技,2016,44(6):979~984

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  • 收稿日期:2015-10-08
  • 定稿日期:2016-08-05
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  • 在線發布日期: 2016-12-26
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