In order to explore the climate differences in the main sugarcane planting areas of Yunnan, climate types are classified by the hierarchical clustering method，on the basis of the selected indicators from the biological characteristics of sugarcane. The divided six kinds of sugarcane climate types had a clear regional distribution, and the differences between various types of climate characteristics are significant, which are mainly embodied in the indicators such as average sunshine duration from April to October, average rainfall from May to October, average sunshine duration from November to February, and the total temperature difference from September to December. Combined with historical sugarcane yield data, the impact of various types of the main meteorological indicators on yields is analyzed. It is concluded that temperature and light are the main factors affecting the sugarcane yields during the growing season in Yunnan Province, and rainfall is the unlimited factors in the normal year. The average minimum and maximum temperatures from September to December are selected as the classification indicators of affecting sugar content, which makes the results more applicable.