伴隨對流層中低層氣溫持續下降的雪轉雨過程分析
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浙江省氣象局項目(2013QN24)資助


Analysis of a SnowtoRain Transformation Process Accompanying Continuous Temperature Decrease at lower and middle levels
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    摘要:

    利用歐洲中期天氣預報中心(ECMWF)0.25°×0.25°分辨率細網格模式產品、探空觀測資料和風廓線雷達等資料,對2014年2月18日浙江嘉興雨雪天氣過程中降水相態先由雨轉雪、再由雪轉雨的變化條件進行了分析,并對ECMWF細網格模式產品進行了預報性能檢驗,結果表明:模式形勢預報準確,但未能預報出雪轉雨過程。在對流層中低層氣溫持續降低的情況下,水汽凝結高度不同是造成兩次相態轉換的主要原因。上午垂直運動加強,水汽充沛,降水粒子的凝結高度高,足以形成大的雪花,在較低的零度層高度以下降落時不至于融化;下午垂直運動減弱,水汽集中在低層,盡管這一高度層的氣溫在-3~-2 ℃,但是不足以凝結成固態降水,同時地面氣溫受海上暖平流影響而回升,因此降水相態由雪轉雨。

    Abstract:

    Base on the ECMWF analysis and forecast data (025°×025°), wind profile data, and radiosonde data, the transformation process of raintosnow and then snowtorain in Jiaxing on 18 February 2014 is analyzed. The result shows that the temperature at 850 hPa and 925 hPa declined during the daytime, but the transformation from rain to snow occurred in the morning and that from snow to rain in the afternoon. In the morning, abundant water vapor was lifted to the higher and colder height, and then condensed, forming dense snowflakes; when snowflakes fell, the temperature at lower levels was not high enough for them to melt. While in the afternoon, water vapor mainly existed at the low levels, where temperature was only between -2 ℃ and -3 ℃. Supercooled water droplets instead of snowflakes formed in this environment, and at the same time surface temperature increased up to over 0 ℃ by the effects of warm advection near the ground from the sea, so the precipitation phase transformed from snow to rain.

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李海軍,張雪慧,潘士雄.伴隨對流層中低層氣溫持續下降的雪轉雨過程分析[J].氣象科技,2015,43(6):1164~1169

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  • 收稿日期:2014-12-08
  • 定稿日期:2015-08-05
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  • 在線發布日期: 2015-12-29
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