桂林霾天氣變化趨勢及天氣特征
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桂林市科技攻關項目(201501272)和華南氣象攻關項目(GRMC2014M12)資助


Trends and Synoptic Characteristics of Haze Weather in Guilin
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    摘要:

    為研究桂林市霾的演變和天氣學特征,利用市區及周邊4個站近50年的觀測資料,用相對濕度和能見度對報表中霾日記錄進行校對,客觀確定霾日;通過對造成霾的生成、維持及消散的基本天氣形勢分析,研究霾的天氣學特征,為霾的天氣預報提供依據。桂林的霾從21世紀開始呈現明顯增加的趨勢,冬季比夏季多發;影響桂林霾的基本天氣特點是:地面靜風或弱風,風力小于等于3.0 m/s,大氣干燥,相對濕度小于等于70%,近地面有逆溫層,地面為正變溫,負變濕。對應的天氣形勢為:高空平直西風或弱高壓脊前環流控制,地面弱高壓或變形場,副熱帶高壓區,鋒前暖區,近地層逆溫,高空大氣層結穩定。根據天氣形勢分析,設計桂林霾天氣預報平臺,在業務中應用效果較好。

    Abstract:

    The evolution of haze and its synoptic characteristics in Guilin are stuied by means of the 50year observation data from the urban station and four the surrounding stations, with relative humidity and visibility to proofread the haze days in records, so to determine haze days objectively. Through analyzing the basic weather situation leading to haze formation, maintenance, and dissipation respectively, the haze weather characteristics are studied to provide a basis for haze weather forecast. The results indicate that haze in Guilin presents an obvious increasing trend from the beginning of the 21st century, and haze happens more frequently in winter than in summer. The basic synoptic features of haze in Guilin are: there is no wind or weak wind (≤3.0 m/s) on the ground; the atmospheric is dry (relative humidity ≤70%); there is a temperature inversion near the surface; ground temperature changes are positive and the humidity changes are negative. The corresponding weather situations are: straight flow or weak ridge at high altitudes, weak high pressure or strain field on the ground, subtropical high pressure belt, warm sector before front, near surface layer inversion, stable upper atmosphere. According to the weather situation analysis, the forecast platform of Guilin haze weather was build, which received good results in haze forecasting.

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白先達,譚宇,王存真,張雅昕.桂林霾天氣變化趨勢及天氣特征[J].氣象科技,2015,43(5):905~910

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歷史
  • 收稿日期:2014-10-09
  • 定稿日期:2015-05-13
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  • 在線發布日期: 2015-11-02
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