天津地區大氣能見度變化特征及影響因子
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國家自然科學基金(41305088)、天津市氣象局科研項目(ZCXM201529)、半干旱氣候變化教育部重點實驗室(蘭州大學)開放基金(lzujbky2011bt04)、蘭州大學中央高?;究蒲袠I務費專項資金資助


Characteristics of Visibility Trends and Its Effect Factors in Tianjin
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    基于能見度資料等級分析法、Ridit 方法、“非常好”能見度及“較差”能見度出現頻率分析法,分析了天津西青、塘沽兩個氣象觀測站2000—2010年大氣能見度變化趨勢及低能見度天氣特征,研究了影響大氣能見度的主要因子。結果表明:11年間,兩站能見度超過40 km的情況均未出現,西青站2~9 km能見度出現頻率逐年上升,塘沽站從2006年開始20~39 km能見度出現頻率呈明顯下降趨勢;西青站從2006年開始,Ridit 中值降至0.5以下,塘沽站Ridit 中值呈波動式下降趨勢,2006年Ridit 中值最?。?.43);兩站“非常好”能見度出現頻率呈逐漸下降趨勢,“較差”能見度出現頻率呈上升趨勢;秋冬兩季是西青、塘沽站低能見度天氣的多發季,常伴有高濕度、低風速,兩站的盛行風向存在差異;相對濕度與能見度呈負相關,風速與能見度呈正相關,與能見度波動式下降的趨勢相反,能源消耗總量為逐年增加趨勢。

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    Atmospheric visibility trends in Xiqing and Tanggu meteorological stations in Tianjin from 2000 to 2010 are analyzed by using three different statistical methods (gradational analysis, Ridit analysis, and the frequency of “very good” visibility and “bad” visibility). The characteristics of lowvisibility weather and visibility effect factors are also analyzed. The results show that the atmospheric visibility exceeding 40 km did not appear in two meteorological stations during 11 years. The frequency of 2 to 9 km visibility increased at Xiqing Station year by year, while the frequency of 20 to 39 km visibility decreased from 2006 at Tanggu Station. The Ridit value decreased below 0.5 from 2006 at Xiqing Station. For Tanggu station, the Ridit value has a fluctuant and decreasing trend, and the least Ridit value appeared in 2006 (0.43). The frequency of “very good” visibility appears to have a decline trend at both stations, while the frequency of “bad” visibility appears to have an increase trend. Autumn and winter are highoccurrence seasons of lowvisibility weather, which is often accompanied by high relative humidity and low wind speed. The direction of the prevailing winds had differences at Xiqing and Tanggu stations. A negative correlation is found between relative humidity and atmospheric visibility, and wind speed and visibility has positive correlation. Visibility decreased in fluctuations, and on the contrary, total energy consumption increased year by year.

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宋薇,邱曉濱.天津地區大氣能見度變化特征及影響因子[J].氣象科技,2015,43(5):898~904

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  • 收稿日期:2014-09-10
  • 定稿日期:2015-05-20
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  • 在線發布日期: 2015-11-02
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