The recent progresses in understanding the multiscale interactions between ENSO and Indian Ocean Basin (IOB) Sea Surface Temperature (SST)are reviewed, including the existing facts and mechanisms of interannual and interdecadal correlation between ENSO and IOB SST variations, as well as their associated climate effects, and the anomalies of Asian Monsoon System and global climate particularly. Specifically, on interannual timescale, ENSO dominates the Indian Ocean SST changes through the “Atmospheric Bridge” process, while the latter might in turn influence ENSO events through the “Gear Coupling” of zonal circulation. On interdecadal timescale, on the one hand, the summer warming of Indian Ocean Basin SST can be attributed to a significant delay in seasonal timing of El Nio decay phase since 1970s, and the variations of SST patterns in the Indian Ocean during boreal fall can modulate the ongoing El Nio on the other hand. Based on the review of the progresses above, the prospects and significance of further research on the global climate change influenced by ENSO and IOB SST multiscale variations are also discussed.