中國近海航空危險天氣的氣候特征
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863計劃“船載氣象監測預報系統”資助


Climatological Characteristics of Hazardous Aviation Weather in China Offshore
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    摘要:

    利用ICOADS和LISOTD資料分析了中國近海航空危險天氣—低能見度和海霧、低云和積雨云、大風和雷暴的氣候特征。中國近海低能見度和海霧主要發生在5—7月黃海以及東海北部。渤海海霧發生頻率較低,且大多限于渤海海峽附近,僅在7月擴展至渤海灣內。東海溫州以南和南海海霧發生頻率亦較低,且主要集中在1—5月沿岸海區。低云主要發生在東海,低云頻發時段為11月至次年4月,其中1月低云頻率最高,范圍最廣,分別向北和向南擴展至黃海北部和南海東北部。積雨云高頻區主要位于西太平洋暖池所在區域,中國沿海積雨云出現頻率較低。大風主要發生在東海和南海東北部,特別是臺灣海峽和巴士海峽,大風頻發時段為10月至次年3月。雷暴主要發生在沿岸海區,包括渤海西北部沿岸、山東南部和江蘇北部沿岸以及南海北部沿岸。

    Abstract:

    Climatology characteristics of several hazardous aviation weather phenomena including low visibility and sea fog, low cloud and cumulonimbus, high wind and thunderstorm in China offing seas are analyzed using the ICOADS individual observations,monthly summaries and gridded LISOTD climatological data. Low visibility and sea fogs occur most frequently on the Yellow Sea and the northern East China Sea from May to July. The occurrence frequency of sea fogs in the Bohai Sea Bay is lower except in July. Sea fogs occur less frequently in the southern East China Sea and South China Sea, except for in the coastal regions from January to May. Low cloud occurs most frequently in the East China Sea from November to next April. Especially in January the frequency of sea fogs is so high, and the extent is so extensive as to extend to the southern Yellow Sea and the northeastern South China Sea. The frequent appearance region of cumulonimbus locates in the western Pacific warm pool. The occurrence frequency of cumulonimbus in China costal region is lower. High wind occurs frequently in the East China Sea and northeastern South China Sea, especially in the Taiwan Strait and Bashi Channel, during October to next March. Thunderstorms occur frequently in the coastal regions including the northwestern coastal region of the Bohai Sea, the coastal regions of the Yellow Sea, south of Shandong, and north of Jiangsu Provinces, and the northern coastal region of the South China Sea.

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王秀成,齊琳琳,安潔,劉仙嬋,崔竹囡.中國近海航空危險天氣的氣候特征[J].氣象科技,2015,43(3):474~481

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  • 收稿日期:2014-08-20
  • 定稿日期:2015-02-08
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  • 在線發布日期: 2015-06-30
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