Using the observation data from 100 regional automatic weather stations and 6 national weather stations in the southern Taihang Mountain, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, and the puberty observation data and freeze injury data of the “Luling” walnut planting base, the correlation of temperature indexes between regional automatic weather stations and national weather stations, and the climate characteristics of freeze injury risk are studied. It is found: (1) The indexes between regional automatic weather stations and national weather stations are significantly related, with more than 90% correlation coefficients higher than 09. (2) There is a significant negative correlation between temperature and altitude of regional automatic weather stations; when the temperature of national weather station is lower than 36 ℃, 2 ℃, 04 ℃ and -04 ℃, the altitude of the region where the walnut may be injured, is over 1000 m, 600 m, 200 m and 0 m, respectively. (3) The annual mean number of freeze injury risk days in the critical period of walnut florescence is 34. (4) The freeze injury in walnut florescence is related to the anomalous strong polar vortex and Ural high pressure ridge.