北京“7〖DK〗·21”特大暴雨過程時空特征解析
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國家公益性行業專項(GYHY201206012,GYHY201206031)資助


Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of a Summer Rainstorm in 2012 in Beijing
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    摘要:

    利用高密度自動站觀測記錄和長序列氣象站觀測資料,對2012年7月21日北京地區特大暴雨過程的時空演化規律進行了分析。結果表明:“7〖DK〗·21”特大暴雨期間,全市累積降雨量大于100 mm的站數達到211個,占全部測站數的92%,96個站累積雨量大于200 mm,12個站大于300 mm;多數地區降雨時長超過16 h,密云大成子站降水時間最長,達到20 h,強降雨時長在西南房山和門頭溝最大;最大小時雨強中心出現在東北和西南區域,東北部最大雨強中心較突出;平均雨強高值階段出現在21日18:00—21:00,其中19 :00雨強最大,達到22 mm/h,但最大雨強在70 mm/h以上的高強度降雨發生在21日13:00—14:00(門頭溝龍泉站)和19:00—22:00,20:00—21:00平谷掛甲峪站高達1003 mm/h;城區及其附近地帶20 mm以上量級的小時降雨強度較大,同時傍晚階段平均累積雨量增長速率快,平均小時降水強度偏大;房山站21日雨量位居1961年以來逐年最大日降水量第2位,僅次于1979年7月18日降雨量,而全市15站平均21日雨量打破了1961年以來的最大日降水量記錄,比處于第2位的1963年8月9日平均雨量高出43 mm。

    Abstract:

    Based on the high density precipitation data of automatic weather stations (AWS), the spatial temporal characteristics of extremely intensive precipitation on 21and 22 July 2012 over the Beijing area are analyzed. The results show that during the rainstorm, there were 211 stations recorded greater than 100 mm cumulative rainfall except for Yanqing Station, 96 stations recorded greater than 200 mm cumulative precipitation, and 12 stations greater than 300 mm. In most regions, the durations of precipitation were above 16 hours, with the largest in the southwestern Beijing, and the secondary in the northeast of Beijing. The average precipitation intensity exceeded 16 mm/h in Fangshan, and 14 mm/h in northeastern parts of the urban zone, in spite of the fact that precipitation intensities were less than 6 mm/h in the mountains of the north and northwest. The maximum hourly precipitation intensity was found in the northeast of Beijing and the second in the southwest. The larger average precipitation intensities occurred during 18:00〖KG-*3〗〖CD*2/3〗〖KG-*9〗21:00 of 21 July, with the maximum of 22 mm/h recorded at 19:00 Abnormally strong precipitation intensities of more than 70 mm/h appeared during 19:00〖KG-*3〗〖CD*2/3〗〖KG-*9〗22:00 over the whole city and 13:00〖KG-*3〗〖CD*2/3〗〖KG-*9〗14:00 at Longquan Station. The analysis also shows that the 24 h maximum precipitation of Fangshan on 21 July 2012 ranks the second for the time period of 1961 to 2012 The average 24 h maximum precipitation of 15 stations broke the record of Beijing since 1961, much larger than the second (9 August 1963).

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尤煥苓,任國玉,吳方,劉偉東,楊萍.北京“7〖DK〗·21”特大暴雨過程時空特征解析[J].氣象科技,2014,42(5):856~864

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  • 收稿日期:2013-10-08
  • 定稿日期:2014-03-10
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  • 在線發布日期: 2014-10-30
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